Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Comparative assessment of PCR based DNA markers in molecular diversity analysis among Indian cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasm
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Research Articles | Published: 06 August, 2025
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Keywords: Molecular diversity, n Anacardium occidentale L, RAPD, ISSR, SSR, DNA polymorphism
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic diversity is necessary to ascertain germplasm conservation and the development of improved crop varieties through various breeding programmes. The cashew tree is native to tropical regions of the Brazilian ecosystem and has been described as a ‘gold mine in the wasteland’ and a ‘dollar-generating crop’ in India. This study aimed to determine the true diversity among cashew genotypes using reliable PCR-based molecular markers. The current study reports molecular characterisation using a combination of 11 SSR, 26 ISSR, and 67 RAPD primers to elucidate 56 Indian cashew germplasm. Altogether, 167 amplicons with a mean value of 55.66 (SSR), 2468 amplicons with a mean value of 205.66 per primer (ISSR), and 3454 amplicons with a mean value of 172.7 (RAPD) were detected. In this work, a comparative assessment among three PCR-based marker systems was also carried out. Molecular profiles of SSR markers generated the highest polymorphism percentages by ISSR markers (93.42%). Among different marker systems concerning comparable parameters, ISSR has been proven to be the most efficient marker system, especially concerning marker index and assay efficiency index, but the mean PIC per assay and diversity index were highest in SSR. This study aids in selecting molecular markers for assessing cashew genetic diversity, enabling breeders to utilise the reported molecular diversity in designing breeding strategies to create new varieties.
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Author Information
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India