Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
GC–MS profiling, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Imperata cylindrica (L.) and Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray leaves from Namsai district, Arunachal Pradesh
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Research Articles | Published: 09 June, 2025
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Keywords: Phytochemistry, n Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray, Flavonoids, n Imperata cylindrica (L.), Polyphenols
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica (L.) and Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray are renowned medicinal plants used in Arunachal Pradesh with diverse biological activities, however, comprehensive phytochemical standards are not well reported. This study analyzed the aqueous and methanolic extract of these plant leaves for phytoconstituents and antioxidant activities. Qualitative and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses identified 23 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. Methanolic extract exhibited higher polyphenolic content (I. cylindrica = 12.8 ± 0.16 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE); D. cristata = 27.3 ± 1.3 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid content (I. cylindrica = 3.06 ± 0.07 mg/g catechin equivalent (CE); D. cristata = 10.2 ± 0.22 mg/g CE) as compared to aqueous extract (I. cylindrica = 4.05 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g and 2.55 ± 0.31 mg CE/g; D. cristata = 5.14 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g and 6.49 ± 0.51 mg CE/g). Antioxidant activity, measured via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) radical assay, showed inhibition percentage (IC50) values of methanolic extract (I. cylindrica = 9.467 μg/mL; D. cristata = 8.933 μg/mL), which were more potent than aqueous extract (I. cylindrica = 11.054 μg/mL; D. cristata = 11.825 μg/mL). The obtained results, highlighted the therapeutic potential of these plants, and will help in the profiling of standardized bioactive compounds for pharmacological applications.
Graphical abstract
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Author Information
Department of Chemistry, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, India