Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Impact of altitudinal variation on the physical and biochemical properties of cabbage in the trans-Himalayan region
*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Research Articles | Published: 21 November, 2024
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
Views: 1881
Keywords: Altitude, Biochemical attributes, Cabbage, Secondary metabolites, Trans-Himalayas
Abstract
Indian trans- Himalayan region, Ladakh features extreme altitudinal gradients and arid geology that effects the quality of crops cultivated in the region. Efforts to enhance local production are driven by the need to reduce import reliance, meet the demand of locals, military and tourism industry and farmer’s profitability. Therefore, the study established to examine the impact of altitude on physical and biochemical properties of a key crop cabbage (Brassica oleracea), in the region. Cabbages from different altitudes: Suru (2500–2700 m masl), Nubra (3000–3200 m masl) and Indus (3250–3560 m masl) were sampled. Physical and biochemical attributes were analysed using standard methods and specialized instruments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Cabbages of Ladakh weighed between 0.83 and 1.18 kg, with lower-altitude cabbages being heaviest. The mean volume of cabbages from lower altitudes was also higher compared to those from higher altitudes and from Nubra Valley (mid-altitude) were denser. The chlorophyll content (30.8–45.0 CCI) and Titratable Acidity (0.13–0.25%) did not vary significantly with altitude (p < 0.05) but were positively correlated with each other. Total Soluble Solids (TSS) ranged from 5.9 to 7.6°Brix and showed a negative correlation with altitude. Mid-altitude cabbages matured earlier than those from other valleys. Anthocyanin content ranged from 8.3 to 13.8 ACI, total phenolic content from 95.4 to 199.3 mg GAE/100 g, and total glucosinolate content from 18.1 to 25.6 µmol/g. Phenolic content were positively correlated to altitude while glucosinolate levels were found lowest (18.5 ± 0.4 µmol/g) in mid-altitude cabbages.
References
Angmo P, Dolma T, Namgail D, Chaurasia O, Stobdan T (2020) Growing cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.) in cold winter under passive solar greenhouse in Trans-himalayan Ladakh Region. Def Life Sci J 5(4):292–298. https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.15817
Bhandari SR, Rhee J, Choi CS, Jo JS, Shin YK, Lee JG (2020) Profiling of individual desulfo-glucosinolate content in cabbage head (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) germplasm. Molecules 25(8):1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/%2Fmolecules25081860
Chatterjee R, Jana JC, Paul PK (2012) Enhancement of head yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by combining different sources of nutrients. Indian J Agric Sci 82(4):323–327. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i4.16641
Cuong DM, Kim HY, Keshawa EM, Cho SK (2022) Evaluation of phytochemical content and the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of leaf layers of cabbage subjected to hot air and freeze-drying. J Food Qual 2022(1):8040456. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8040456
Darandeh N, Hadavi E (2012) Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of citric acid and malic acid on chlorophyll content and post-harvest vase life of Lilium Cv. Brunello. Front Plant Sci 2:106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2011.00106
Deep L, Narayana CK, Karunakaran G, Rao DS, Anuradha S (2022) Maturity determination of red and white pulp dragon fruit. J Hortic Sci 17(1):157–165. https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i1.1309
Dolker P (2018) An overview of transition in traditional agriculture of Ladakh. J Himal Ecol Sustainable Dev 13:26–48
Endara MJ, Coley PD (2011) The resource availability hypothesis revisited: a meta-analysis. Funct Ecol 25(2):389–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01803.x
Feng X, Ma J, Liu Z, Li X, Wu Y, Hou L, Li M (2022) Analysis of glucosinolate content and metabolism related genes in different parts of Chinese flowering cabbage. Front Plant Sci 12:767898. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.767898
Fischer G, Parra-Coronado A, Balaguera-López HE (2022) Altitude as a determinant of fruit quality with emphasis on the Andean tropics of Colombia. A review. Agron Colomb 40(2):212–227. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101854
Giri A, Bharti VK, Kalia S, Acharya S, Kumar B, Chaurasia OP (2022) Health risk assessment of heavy metals due to wheat, cabbage, and spinach consumption at cold-arid high-altitude region. Biol Trace Elem Res 200(9):4186–4198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03006-4
Gündeşli MA, Uğur R, Yaman M (2023) The effects of Altitude on Fruit characteristics, Nutrient Chemicals, and biochemical properties of Walnut fruits (Juglans regia L). Horticulturae 9(10):1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101086
Gupta RD, Arora S (2017) Characteristics of the soils of Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. JSWC 16(3):260–266. https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00037.6
Hamie N, Nacouzi D, Choker M, Salameh M, Darwiche L, El Kayal W (2023) Maturity assessment of different table grape cultivars grown at six different altitudes in Lebanon. Plants 12(18):3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183237
Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Alam MM, Roychowdhury R, Fujita M (2013) Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci 14(5):9643–9684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14059643
He JD, Xue JY, Gao J, Wang JN, Wu Y (2017) Adaptations of the floral characteristics and biomass allocation patterns of Gentiana hexaphylla to the altitudinal gradient of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JMS 14(8):1563–1576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4424-x
He Q, Ren Y, Zhao W, Li R, Zhang L (2020) Low temperature promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis and related gene expression in the seedlings of purple head Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L). Genes 11(1):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/2Fgenes11010081
Jaiswal AK (2020) Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of fruits and vegetables. Academic Press. Paperback ISBN: 9780128127803; eBook ISBN: 9780128127810
Jo NY, Lee J, Byeon JE, Park HJ, Ryoo JW, Hwang SG (2022) Elevated CO2 concentration induces changes in plant growth, transcriptome, and antioxidant activity in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Front Plant Sci 13:1067713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1067713
Keleş SÖ (2020) The effect of altitude on the growth and development of Trojan fir (Abies Nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. Ex Boiss]. Cullen) Saplings Cerne 26(3):381–392. https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032734. Coode
Kumar K, Acharya S, Verma VC, Tsewang T, Tiwari VK, Avantika A, Kumari K, Chaurasia OP (2023) Comparative evaluation of physico-chemical response of tomato varieties under hydroponic technique vs soil cultivation in natural ventilated greenhouse at trans-himalayan India. Vegetos 36(3):825–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-022-00443-x
Lam VP, Choi J, Park J (2021) Enhancing growth and glucosinolate accumulation in watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) by regulating light intensity and photoperiod in plant factories. Agriculture 11(8):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080723
Mawlong I, Sujith KMS, Gurung B, Singh KH, Singh D (2017) A simple spectrophotometric method for estimating total glucosinolates in mustard de-oiled cake. Int J Food Prop 20(12):3274–3281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1286353
Moghaddam MK, Fallah H, Niknejad Y, Dastan S (2022) Investigating the altitude impact on the eco-phytochemical parameters of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Sophora alopecuroides in the different regions of northern Iran. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 21(1):57–65. https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.1.5
Narayan R, Kishor A, Tiwari VK, Mer MS, Singh RK (2020) Performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes under naturally ventilated polyhouse in Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand (India). Appl Biol Res 22(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4517.2020.00001.4
Radovich TJ, Kleinhenz MD (2004) Rapid estimation of cabbage head volume across a population varying in head shape: a test of two geometric formulae. HortTechnology 14(3):388–391. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.14.3.0388
Rana S, Barholia AK, Lekhi R, Pippal R, Rana P (2019) Vegetative growth of cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata l.) cv. Pusa drum head in relation to plant spacing, boron and molybdenum. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 8(2S):933–936
Rana S, Thakur KS, Bhardwaj RK, Kansal S, Sharma R (2020) Effect of biofertilizers and micronutrients on growth and quality attributes of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L). Int J Chem Stud 8(1):1656–1660. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1x.8501
Shukla S, Rawat M, Kumar N, Patel MK, Behera RK, Thakur MS, Kumar R, Chaurasia OP, Saxena S (2023) Comparative effect of environment on morphological, biochemical and phytochemical analysis of onion cultivated at high and low altitudes. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3237170/v1
Sidhu AK, Sharma M, Agrawal SB, Bhavsar P, Samota MK (2024) Nanomaterial strategies for enhancing plant resilience in the face of temperature stress. CABI Agric Biosci 5(1):60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-024-00255-w
Singh V, Meena D, Shukla U, Sonkar VK (2023) Effect of different varieties and spacings on yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i3e.18965
Singh V, Poonia MK (2013) Effect of different levels of nitrogen and spacing on yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. capitata). JPDS 5(4):549–550
Sreekanth K, Cheena J, Laxminarayana D, Kumar SP (2022) Studies on effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield attributes of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Pharma Innov J 11(2):2065–2069
Srivastava RP, Kumar S, Singh L, Madhukar M, Singh N, Saxena G, Pandey S, Singh A, Devkota HP, Verma PC, Shiva S (2023) Major phenolic compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of Selinum carvifolia (L.) collected from different altitudes in India. Front Nutr 10:1180225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1180225
Suleiman MH, ALaerjani WMA, Mohammed MEA (2020) Influence of altitudinal variation on the total phenolic and flavonoid content of Acacia and Ziziphus Honey. Int J Food Prop 23(1):2077–2086. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2020.1842445
Tehranifar A, Zarei M, Nemati Z, Esfandiyari B, Vazifeshenas MR (2010) Investigation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of twenty Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Sci Hort 126(2):180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.001
Tetsopgang S, Fonyuy F (2019) Enhancing growth quality and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) while increasing soil pH, chemicals and organic carbon with the application of fines from volcanic pyroclastic materials on a tropical soil in Wum, Northwest Cameroon, Africa. Sci Afr 6:e00199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00199
Thakur PK, Panja P, Das A, Kabir J (2017) Varietal response to Sauerkraut preparation. J Crop Weed 13(2):90–94
Wang T, Liu S, Tian S, Ma T, Wang W (2022) Light regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis via ELIP1 during the storage of Chinese cabbage. Sci Rep 12(1):11098. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15451-9
Watada AE (1993) Methods for determining quality of fruits and vegetables. In: International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre-and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology 379:559–568. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.379.70
Worku M, De Meulenaer B, Duchateau L, Boeckx P (2018) Effect of altitude on biochemical composition and quality of green arabica coffee beans can be affected by shade and postharvest processing method. Food Res Int 105:278–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.016
Zafar I, Hussain AI, Fatima T, Abdullah Alnasser SM, Ahmad A (2022) Inter-varietal variation in phenolic profile, sugar contents, antioxidant, anti-proliferative and antibacterial activities of selected Brassica species. Appl Sci 12(12):5811. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125811
Author Information
DRDO-Defence Institute of High-Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh, India