Amine Khoulati, Ennouamane Saalaoui, Oussama Bekkouch, Samira Mamri, Mohammed Choukri, Souliman Amrani, Abdeslam Asehraou, Ennouamane Saalaoui
Keywords:
Biostimulant, n Crocus sativus L., Enzyme activities, Oxidative stress, Tomato
An open field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of aqueous saffron extract (ASE) by fertigation and foliar spray as a biostimulant in tomato seedlings growth and physiological indices. The ASE application by both methods influenced the plants height compared to control. However, the application of the extract at high concentrations negatively affected some of the parameters studied, such as an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating oxidative stress in tomato plants. Nevertheless, the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes showed an increased activity response to varying concentrations of ASE. However, the application method had a significant effect only on the H2O2 and APX content. Our studies on ASE in treated plants suggest that ASE could improve certain physiological aspects of the recipient plants and a biological stimulator.
(*Only SPR Members can download pdf file; #Open Access;)
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
Ahmad P, Sarwat M, Sharma S (2008) Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and signaling in plants. J Plant Biol 51(3):167–173
Ali M, Cheng Z, Sikandar H, Husain A, Muhammad IG, Tao LIU (2019) Foliar spraying of aqueous garlic bulb extract stimulates growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). J Integr Agric 18(5):1001–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62129-X
Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H (2015) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron). In: Ronald RW, Victor RP (eds) Bioactive nutraceuticals and dietary supplements in neurological and brain disease. Academic Press, New York, pp 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411462-3.00033-3
Anjum A, Adriano S, Antonio S, Aryadeep R, Sarvajeet S, Muhammad I, Alexander S, Pereira E, Armando C, Ahmad I (2014) Lipids and proteins—major targets of oxidative modifications in abiotic stressed plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:4099–4121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3917-1
Baxter A, Mittler R, Suzuki N (2013) ROS as key players in plant stress signaling. J Exp Bot 65(5):1229–1240. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert375
Bhattacharjee S (2005) Reactive oxygen species and oxidative brust: Roles in stress, senescence and signal transduction in plants. Curr Sci 89:1113–1121
Calvo P, Nelson L, Kloepper JW (2014) Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant Soil 383:3–41
Cardone L, Castronuovo D, Perniola M, Cicco N, Candido V (2020) Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), the king of spices: an overview. Sci Hortic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109560
Colla G, Nardi S, Cardarelli M, Ertani A, Lucini L, Canaguier R, Youssef R (2015) Protein hydrolysates as biostimulants in horticulture. Sci Hortic 196:28–38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02202
D’archivio AA, Giannitto A, Incani A, Nisi S (2014) Analysis of the mineral composition of Italian saffron by ICP-MS and classification of geographical origin. Food Chem 157:485–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.068
Das K, Roychoudhury A (2014) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants. Front Environ Sci 2:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2014.00053
Del RD, Stewart PN (2005) A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. NMCD. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003
Djurdjevic L, Dinic A, Pavlovic P, Mitrovic M, Karadzic B, Tesevic V (2004) Allelopathic potential of Allium ursinum L. Biochem Syst Ecol 32:533–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.10.001
Foyer CH, Shigeoka S (2011) Update on oxidative stress and photosynthesis understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis1. Plant Physiol 155:93–100. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166181
Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 48(12):909–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016
Grace SC (2007) Phenolics as antioxidants. In: Nicholas S (ed) Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in plants. Blackwell Publishing Ltd in assoc. with the Ann Bot., pp 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470988565.ch6
Gupta DK, Palma JM, Corpas FJ (2015) Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in plants under stress. Springer, New York
Hadi F, Ullah S, Hussain F, Ahmad A, Jan AU, Ali N, Hadi F, Ullah S, Hussain F, Ahmad A, Jan AU, Ali A (2014) Nitrogen fertilizer and EDTA effect on Cannabis sativa growth and Phytoextraction of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) contaminated soil. Int J Agron Agric Res 4:85–90
Hao Y, Huang B, Jia D, Mann T, Jiang X, Qiu Y, Niitsu M, Berberich T, Kusano Liu TT (2018) Identification of seven polyamine oxidase genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and their expression profiles under physiological and various stress conditions. J Plant Physiol 228:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.004
Hayat S, Husain A, Muhammad A, Kaili R, Zhihui Ch (2018) Aqueous garlic extract stimulates growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sci Hortic 240:139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.011
Heath R, Packer L (1968) Pholoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast. I. Kinetics and stoichemistry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
ISO (2003) ISO (ed) TS 3632–1/2, Technical specification. Crocus sativus L. Saffron. edn. ISO, Geneva
Khoulati A, Ouahhoud S, Mamri S, Alaoui K, Lahmass I, Choukri M, Kharmach EZ, Asehraou A, Saalaoui E (2019) Saffron extract stimulates growth, improves the antioxidant components of Solanum lycopersicum L., and has an antifungal effect. Ann Agric Sci 64(2):138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2019.10.002
Khoulati A, Ouahhoud S, Mamri S, Meziane M, Choukri M, Asehraou A, Saalaoui E (2020) Valorization of Moroccan Crocus Sativus L. by-products: Foliar spraying of aqueous tepal extract stimulates growth and confers antioxidant properties in eggplant seedling under greenhouse conditions. BioMed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8812157
Kocira A, Micha S (2018) Enhancement of yield, nutritional and nutraceutical properties of two common bean cultivars following the application of seaweed extract (Ecklonia maxima). Saudi J Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.01.039
Koleška I, Hasanagić D, Todorović V, Murtić S, Klokić I, Parađiković N, Kukavica B (2017) Biostimulant prevents yield loss and reduces oxidative damage in tomato plants grown on reduced NPK nutrition. J Plant Interact 12:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2017.1319503
Lichtenthaler HK (1987) Chlorophylls and carotenoids, the pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In: Douce R, Packer L (eds) Methods in enzymology. Academic Press Inc, New York, pp 350–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Michael James VO, Olimpia P, Stefania DP, Silvia S, Albino M (2017) The role of biostimulants and bioeffectors as alleviators of abiotic stress in crop plants. Chem Biol Technol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-017-0089-5
Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7:405–410
Mostafalou SAM, Abdollahi M (2013) Pesticides and human chronic diseases: Evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 268:157–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025
Nanko Y, Asada K (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascrobate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 22:867–880. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076232
Nashilevitz S, Melamed-Bessudo C, Izkovich Y, Rogachev I, Osorio S, Itkin M, Adato A, Pankratov I, Hirschberg FJAR, Wolf S, Usadel B, Levy AA, Rumeau D, Aharoni A (2010) An orange ripening mutant links plastid NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex activity to central and specialized metabolism during tomato fruit maturation. Plant Cell 22:1977–1997
Parajuli R, Thoma G, Matlock MD (2019) Sustainability of fruit and vegetable production supply chains in the face of climate change: a review. Sci Total Environ 650:2863–2879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.019
Petit AN, Fontaine F, Vatsa P, Clement C, Vaillant-Gaveau N (2012) Fungicide impacts on photosynthesis in crop plants. Photosynth Res 111(3):315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-012-9719-8
Pottosin I, Sergey Sh (2014) Polyamines control of cation transport across plant membranes : implications for ion homeostasis and abiotic stress signaling. Front Plant Sci 5(154):1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00154
Priscila Del Campo C, Garde-Cerdán T, Sánchez AM, Maggi L, Carmona M, Alonso GL (2009) Determination of free amino acids and ammonium ion in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from different geographical origins. Food Chem 114(4):1542–1548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.034
Racchi ML (2013) Antioxidant Defenses in plants with attention to Prunus and Citrus spp. Antioxidants 2(4):340–369. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2040340
Rodrigues L, Póvoa O, van den Berg C, Figueiredo AC, Moldão M, Monteiro A (2013) Genetic diversity in Mentha cervina based on morphological traits, essential oils profile and ISSRs markers. Biochem Syst Ecol 51:50–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2013.08.014
Roychoudhury A, Basu S (2012) Ascorbate-glutathione and plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. In: Anjum NA, Umar S, Ahmad A (eds) Oxidative stress in plants: causes, consequences and tolerance. IK International Publishers, New Delhi, pp 177–258
Sandhu D, Tasma IM, Frasch R, Bhattacharyya MK (2009) Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1. BMC Plant Biol 9:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-9-105
Shalaby TA, El-Ramady H (2014) Effect of foliar application of bio-stimulants on growth, yield, components, and storability of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Aust J Crop Sci 8(2):271–275
Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M (2012) Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/217037
Siddique MAB, Ismail BS (2013) Allelopathic effects of Fimbristylis miliacea on the physiological activities of five Malaysian rice varieties. Aust J Crop Sci 7:2062–2067
Soares C, Marcia EAC, Ricardo AA, Fernanda F (2018) Plants facing oxidative challenges—a little help from the antioxidant networks. Environ Exp Bot. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009
Sugeng AJ, Beamer PI, Lutz EA, Rosales CB (2013) Hazard-ranking of agricultural pesticides for chronic health effects in Yuma County, Arizona. Sci Total Environ 464:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.051
Tommasino E, Griffa S, Grunberg K, Ribotta A, Carloni E, Quiroga M (2012) Malondialdehyde content as a potential biochemical indicator of tolerant Cenchrus ciliaris L. genotypes under heat stress treatment. Grass Forage Sci 67:456–459
Trchounian A, Petrosyan M, Sahakyan N (2016) Plant cell redox homeostasis and reactive oxygen species. In: Gupta D, Palma J, Corpas F (eds) Redox state as a central regulator of plant-cell stress responses. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 25–50
Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151:59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00197-1
Wang C, Zhang Q (2017) Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 137:218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.011
Wang J, Lv M, Islam F, Gill RA, Yang C, Ali B, Yan G, Zhou W (2016) Salicylic acid mediates antioxidant defense system and ABA pathway related gene expression in Oryza sativa against quinclorac toxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 133:146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.002
Zarzecka K, Gugała M, Sikorska A, Mystkowska I, Baranowska A, Dołe H (2019) The effect of herbicides and biostimulants on polyphenol content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and leaves. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 18:102–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.02.004