Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
(eISSN: 2229-4473)
In vitro response of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) to water stress induced with polyethylene glycol
*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Spinoso?Castillo José Luis, Bernal Obdulia Baltazar, Iglesias-Andreu Lourdes Georgina
Research Articles | Published: 29 August, 2026
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
Views: 9
Keywords: Drought, Glycine betaine, In vitro culture, Proline, Vanilla
Abstract
In Mexico, a large number of vanilla cultivation plots lack irrigation infrastructure, as climate models predict increased frequency and severity of droughts and water stress. Understanding how vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) responds to water stress becomes crucial. The hypothesis is that polyethylene glycol (PEG) induces water stress in in vitro cultures of V. planifolia; therefore, it may influence the synthesis and its endogenous proline and glycine betaine content. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induced water stress on V. planifolia under in vitro culture conditions. After multiplication and rooting stages were carried out, in vivo-derived shoots were selected as primary explants, and the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) on in vitro development was evaluated. In addition, the proline and glycine betaine contents were determined. Results showed that increasing PEG-6000 concentration reduced growth and development; meanwhile, the increase in PEG-6000 concentration in the culture media promotes a significant (p?
References
Barreda-Castillo JM, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Velázquez-Rosas N, Bayman P, Guerrero-Analco JA, Menchaca-García RA (2023) Morphological and physio-chemical responses to peg-induced water stress in Vanilla planifolia and V. pompona hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 24(5):4690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054690
Basit F, Alyafei M, Hayat F, Al-Zayadneh W, El-Keblawy A, Sulieman S, Sheteiwy MS (2025) Deciphering the role of glycine betaine in enhancing plant performance and defense mechanisms against environmental stresses. Front Plant Sci 16:1582332. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1582332
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Bello-Bello JJ, García-García GG, Iglesias-Andreu L (2015) Conservación de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) bajo condiciones de lento crecimiento in vitro. Rev Fitotec Mex 38(2):165–171. https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2015.2.165
Das A, Pal S, Pal D, Dey N, Adak MK (2026) Phycofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles and hydrogen sulfide confer drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating abscisic acid signaling and redox homeostasis. Environ Science: Nano 13(4):2051–2070
Diez MC, Moreno F, Gantiva EA (2017) Effects of light intensity on the morphology and CAM photosynthesis of Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Rev Fac Nac Agron Medellin 70:8023–8033. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnav70n1.61736
Gantiva EA, Díez MC, Moreno F (2020) Efecto de la interacción luz agua sobre la fotosíntesis de la Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae). Rev Biol Trop 68:1250. https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V68I4.41385
Gao H, Xu D, Zhang H, Cheng X, Yang Q (2020) Effects of culture medium composition and PEG on hyperhydricity in Dendrobium officinale. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-020-10075-y
Giri J (2011) Glycinebetaine and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signal Behav 6(11):1746–1751
Grieve CM, Grattan SR (1983) Rapid assay for determination of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant Soil 70:303–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374789
Hernández J, Curtí S, Ríos A (2019) Retención De frutos en Vanilla planifolia jacks. Ex Andrews como reguladores de crecimiento. Agron Mesoam 30:695–704. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v30i3.33988
IUCN (2026) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Available online: https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed on Aug 10 2026
Jácome-Blásquez F, Morales-Ramos V, Martínez-Hernández MDJ, Sanchez-Viveros G, Bello-Bello JJ (2016) Response to peg induced hydric stress on in vitro germination of Prosthechea vitellina (Lindl.) WE Higgins (Orchidaceae). Propag Ornam Plants 16(3):73–78
Khan P, Abdelbacki AMM, Albaqami M, Jan R, Kim K-M (2025) Proline promotes drought tolerance in Maize. Biology 14:41. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14010041
Liaqat F, Xu L, Khazi MI, Ali S, Rahman MU, Zhu D (2023) Extraction, purification, and applications of vanillin: a review of recent advances and challenges. Ind Crops Prod 204:117372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117372
Martínez-Santos E, Cruz-Cruz C, Spinoso-Castillo J, Bello-Bello JJ (2021) In vitro response of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. Ex Andrews) to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Sci Rep 11:22611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02207-0
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Rai MK, Kalia RK, Singh R, Gangola MP, Dhawan AK (2011) Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection: an overview of the recent progress. Environ Exp Bot 71(1):89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.10.021
Ramírez-Mosqueda MA, Cruz-Cruz CA, Atlahua-Temoxtle J, Bello-Bello JJ (2019) In vitro conservation and regeneration of Laelia anceps Lindl. S Afr J Bot 121:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.010
Ramos-Castellá AL, Iglesias-Andreu LG, de Lourdes Palafox-Chávez M (2024) In vitro response of gamma irradiated Vanilla planifolia jacks. Shoots in the face of water stress. Vegetos 37:1855–1862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00850-2
Spinoso–Castillo J, Baltazar-Bernal O (2025) Mini-review: prospects of in vitro mutagenesis for genetic improvement of Vanilla. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 163:18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-025-03229-6
Wang H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yu H, Huang W (2022a) Photosynthesis under fluctuating light in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia. Plant Sci 317:111207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111207
Wang H, Wang XQ, Xing YZ, Zhao QY, Zhuang HF, Huang W (2022b) Regulation of chloroplast ATP synthase modulates photoprotection in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia. Cells 11:1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101647
Yan S, Zhan M, Liu Z, Zhang X (2025) Insight into the transcriptional regulation of key genes involved in proline metabolism in plants under osmotic stress. Biochimie 228:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.006
Author Information
Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Veracruz, México