Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Morpho-agronomic variability in photoperiod insensitive aromatic Joha rice mutants under late Sali situation in Assam
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Bhogal Amarjeet Singh, Sharma Gargi, Das Bikram Kishore, Das Ranjan, Deka Sharmila Dutta, Sharma Kishore Kumar, Sarma Debojit
Research Articles | Published: 08 April, 2025
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Keywords: Aromatic rice, Photoperiod insensitivity, Mutation induction, Mutants, Heritability, Diversity
Abstract
This study sought to promote Joha rice cultivation in Assam by identifying desirable morpho-agronomic mutants through gamma-ray induced mutations. The study focused on twelve photoperiod-insensitive mutants and two check varieties, Kon Joha (parent) and Disang, which were assessed for 16 morpho-agronomic traits in randomized block designs with three replications, under late sown conditions, at two planting densities (15 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm). Days to maturity, plant height, culm length, panicle length, filled grains, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weights, and grain yield were among the few variables for which significant genotypic variations were evident. Differential responses to planting densities were found in the study, which also highlighted the improved performance of crops that were planted sparingly in terms of plant height, culm length, panicle length, 1000-grain weights, and grain yield. Mahalanobis D2 and principal component analysis revealed the significant traits. First three principal components explained 85.16% of the variation among the genotypes; the traits spikelet fertility (0.37), harvest index (0.35), grain yield kg ha− 1 (0.32), average panicle weight (0.28), filled grains per panicle (0.28) and panicle length (0.19) positively contributed to the first PC. Traits such as harvest index and spikelet fertility exhibited high positive associations with grain yield, indicating their importance in yield improvement. Increased yield and greater trait expression were apparent over the planting densities. Mutants JKOJM 250-22-17-120 and JKOJM 250-22-17-40 produced excellent results for traits days to panicle emergence, days to 50% flowering, panicle length and filled grains panicle− 1, comparable to Disang. The findings of this study highlight the value of mutation breeding in improving the agronomic qualities of Joha rice while maintaining its distinct aroma and quality.
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Author Information
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India