Kumar Lakhan, Mohan Lalit, Anand Shaubhik, Bhardwaj Deepti, Bharadvaja Navneeta
Keywords:
Environmental pollutants, Heavy metals, Dyes, Phyconanoremediation, Phyconanotechnology, Algal bioactive compounds
Environmental pollutants have been increasingly detected and quantified in each sphere-air, water and soil, and hence there are growing concerns about their potentially harmful effects on the biosphere. Heavy metals and dyes are of prime concern owing to their large-scale anthropogenic consumption, and emission, either untreated or improperly, into the open environment. Recently, nanomaterials have been explored for their potential against environmental pollution and have been proved to be effective against a wide range of dyes and heavy metals. But their traditional method of synthesis isn’t economic, energy-efficient, and ecofriendly. In this direction, Phyconanoremediation is a recent approach that is green and sustainable. It provides remediation of pollutants using novel nanomaterials synthesised using algal biomass. This review aims to present an account of the application of algae in nanomaterials synthesis followed by their application in the remediation of heavy metals and dyes. It commences with an introduction to environmental pollution, associated public health risks, and remediation strategies. Synthesis mechanism of nanoparticles and their characterisation methods followed by role of algal bioactive compounds in nanomaterials synthesis as reducing, capping or stabilising agent has been discussed. The article concludes by highlighting outlook and importance of this interesting field for environmental remediation.
(*Only SPR Life Members can get full access.)
Abboud Y, Saffaj T, Chagraoui A et al (2014) Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) produced using brown alga extract (Bifurcaria bifurcata). Appl Nanosci 4:571–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-013-0233-x
Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Enazi NM, Ibraheem IBM (2017) Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Galaxaura elongata and characterization of their antibacterial activity. Arab J Chem 10:S3029–S3039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.044
Aboelfetoh EF, El-Shenody RA, Ghobara MM (2017) Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using green algae (Caulerpa serrulata): reaction optimization, catalytic and antibacterial activities. Environ Monit Assess 189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6033-0
Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Khan S et al (2018) Algal extracts based biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) with enhanced heavy metals adsorption capability. J Ind Eng Chem 72:117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.12.009
Ahmad S, Pandey A, Pathak VV et al (2020) Phycoremediation: algae as eco-friendly tools for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. Bioremediat Ind Waste Environ Saf 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3426-9_3
Ahuja P, Gupta R, Saxena RK (1997) Oscillatoria anguistissima: a promising Cu2 + biosorbent. Curr Microbiol 35:151–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002849900229
Appannagari RR (2017) Environmental pollution causes and consequences: a study. North Asian Int Res J Soc Sci Humanit 3:2454–9827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Aragaw TA, Asmare AM (2018) Phycoremediation of textile wastewater using indigenous microalgae. Water Pract Technol 13:274–284. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.037
Aravantinou AF, Andreou F, Manariotis ID (2020) Long-term toxicity of zno nanoparticles on scenedesmus rubescens cultivated in semi-batch mode. Nanomaterials 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10112262
Aravindhan R, Rao JR, Nair BU (2007) Kinetic and equilibrium studies on biosorption of basic blue dye by green macro algae Caulerpa scalpelliformis. J Environ Sci Heal - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst Environ Eng 42:621–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520701244383
Aziz N, Faraz M, Pandey R et al (2015) Facile agae-derived route to biogenic silver nanoparticles: synthesis, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties. Langmuir 31:11605–11612. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03081
Azizi S, Namvar F, Mahdavi M et al (2013) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga, Sargassum muticum aqueous extract. Mater (Basel) 6:5942–5950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6125942
Barwal I, Ranjan P, Kateriya S, Yadav SC (2011) Cellular oxido-reductive proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii control the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnol 9:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-9-56
Castro L, Blázquez ML, Muñoz JA et al (2013) Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using algae. IET Nanobiotechnol 7:109–116. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2012.0041
Chaudhary R, Nawaz K, Khan AK et al (2020) An overview of the algae-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Biomolecules 10:1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10111498
Dahoumane SA, Wujcik EK, Jeffryes C (2016) Noble metal, oxide and chalcogenide-based nanomaterials from scalable phototrophic culture systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 95:13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.008
Dhavale R, Jadhav S, Sibi G (2020) Microalgae mediated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis and their biological activities. J Crit Rev 7:15–20. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.02.04
Dinesh Kumar S, Santhanam P, Jayalakshmi T et al (2015) Excessive nutrients and heavy metals removal from diverse wastewaters using marine microalga Chlorella marina (Butcher). Indian J Geo-Marine Sci 44:97–103
Dotto GL, Cadaval TRS, Pinto LAA (2012) Preparation of bionanoparticles derived from Spirulina platensis and its application for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions. J Ind Eng Chem 18:1925–1930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.005
Edison TNJI, Atchudan R, Kamal C, Lee YR (2016) Caulerpa racemosa: a marine green alga for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:1401–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-016-1616-7
El-Kassas HY, El-Sheekh MM (2014) Cytotoxic activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles with an extract of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15:4311–4317. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.10.4311
El-Kassas HY, Aly-Eldeen MA, Gharib SM (2016) Green synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using two selected brown seaweeds: Characterization and application for lead bioremediation. Acta Oceanol Sin 35:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0880-3
El-Rafie HM, El-Rafie MH, Zahran MK (2013) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using polysaccharides extracted from marine macro algae. Carbohydr Polym 96:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.071
El-Sheekh MM, Gharieb MM, Abou-El-Souod GW (2009) Biodegradation of dyes by some green algae and cyanobacteria. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 63:699–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.04.010
El-Sheekh MM, Shabaan MT, Hassan L, Morsi HH (2020) Antiviral activity of algae biosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles against Herps Simplex (HSV-1) virus in vitro using cell-line culture technique. Int J Environ Health Res 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2020.1789946
Ganapathy Selvam G, Sivakumar K (2015) Phycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye using silver (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized from Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V. Lamouroux. Appl Nanosci 5:617–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0356-8
García FE, Plaza-Cazón J, Montesinos VN et al (2018) Combined strategy for removal of Reactive Black 5 by biomass sorption on Macrocystis pyrifera and zerovalent iron nanoparticles. J Environ Manage 207:70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.002
González-Ballesteros N, Prado-López S, Rodríguez-González JB et al (2017) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using brown algae Cystoseira baccata: Its activity in colon cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 153:190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.020
Gour A, Jain NK (2019) Advances in green synthesis of nanoparticles. Artif Cells Nanomedicine Biotechnol 47:844–851. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1577878
Guzmán KAD, Taylor MR, Banfield JF (2006) Environmental risks of nanotechnology: National nanotechnology initiative funding, 2000–2004. Environ Sci Technol 40:1401–1407. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0515708
Husain S, Afreen S, Hemlata et al (2019) Cyanobacteria as a bioreactor for synthesis of silver nanoparticles-an effect of different reaction conditions on the size of nanoparticles and their dye decolorization ability. J Microbiol Methods 162:77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.05.011
Javed R, Zia M, Naz S et al (2020) Role of capping agents in the application of nanoparticles in biomedicine and environmental remediation: recent trends and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnol 18:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00704-4
Jena J, Pradhan N, Aishvarya V et al (2015) Biological sequestration and retention of cadmium as CdS nanoparticles by the microalga Scenedesmus-24. J Appl Phycol 27:2251–2260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0499-8
Kelishadi R (2012) Environmental pollution: Health effects and operational implications for pollutants removal. J Environ Public Health 2012:. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/341637
Khaleelullah MMSI, Murugan M, Radha KV et al (2017) Synthesis of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles assisted by brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens for removal of reactive navy blue dye. Mater Res Express 4. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa9131
Khanna P, Kaur A, Goyal D (2019) Algae-based metallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and applications. J Microbiol Methods 163:105656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105656
Kuhad RC, Sood N, Tripathi KK et al (2004) Developments in microbial methods for the treatment of dye effluents. Adv Appl Microbiol 56:185–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(04)56006-9
Kumar L, Bharadvaja N (2020) Microbial remediation of heavy metals. Microb Bioremediat Biodegrad 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1812-6_2
Kumar SR, Gopinath P (2016) Chap. 2 Nano-Bioremediation Applications of Nanotechnology for Bioremediation. 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315374536-3
Kumar P, Govindaraju M, Senthamilselvi S, Premkumar K (2013a) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye using silver (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized from Ulva lactuca. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 103:658–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.022
Kumar P, Senthamil Selvi S, Govindaraju M (2013b) Seaweed-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Gracilaria corticata for its antifungal activity against Candida spp. Appl Nanosci 3:495–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0151-3
Lengke MF, Fleet ME, Southam G (2007) Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by reaction of filamentous cyanobacterial Biomass with a palladium(II) chloride complex. Langmuir 23:8982–8987. https://doi.org/10.1021/la7012446
Mallick N, Rai LC (1994) Removal of inorganic ions from wastewaters by immobilized microalgae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10:439–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00144469
Mandal RP, Sekh S, Sarkar N, Sen et al (2016) Algae mediated synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles and their application in bioremediation. Mater Res Express 3:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/3/5/055007
MubarakAli D, Arunkumar J, Nag KH et al (2013) Gold nanoparticles from Pro and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms-Comparative studies on synthesis and its application on biolabelling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 103:166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.014
Nikić J, Tubić A, Watson M et al (2019) Arsenic removal from water by green synthesized magnetic nanoparticles. Water (Switzerland) 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122520
Özer A, Akkaya G, Turabik M (2006) The removal of Acid Red 274 from wastewater: combined biosorption and biocoagulation with Spirogyra rhizopus. Dye Pigment 71:83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.06.004
Parameswari E, Lakshmanan A, Thilagavathi T (2010) Phycoremediation of heavy metals in polluted water bodies. Electron J Environ Agric Food Chem 9:808–814
Parial D, Patra HK, Dasgupta AKR, Pal R (2012) Screening of different algae for green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Eur J Phycol 47:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2011.653406
Patel A, Enman J, Gulkova A et al (2021) Integrating biometallurgical recovery of metals with biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128306. Chemosphere 263:
Pathak VV, Singh DP, Kothari R, Chopra AK (2014) Phycoremediation of textile wastewater by unicellular microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Cell Mol Biol 60:35–40. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2014.60.5.7
Pereira L, Alves M (2012) Dyes-environmental impact and remediation. Environ Prot Strateg Sustain Dev 111–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1591-2_4
Priyadharshini RI, Prasannaraj G, Geetha N, Venkatachalam P (2014) Microwave-mediated extracellular synthesis of metallic silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using macro-Algae (Gracilaria edulis) extracts and its anticancer activity against human PC3 Cell Lines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 174:2777–2790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1225-3
Ramakrishna M, Rajesh Babu D, Gengan RM et al (2016) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine algae and evaluation of their catalytic activity. J Nanostructure Chem 6:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-015-0173-y
Rao MD, Pennathur G (2017) Green synthesis and characterization of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and their application as photocatalysts. Mater Res Bull 85:64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.08.049
Rauta PR, Mohanta YK, Nayak D et al (2019) Nanobioremediation. Nanotechnol Biol Med 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429259333-21
Rösken LM, Cappel F, Körsten S et al (2016) Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au0-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7:312–327. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.30
Sall ML, Diaw AKD, Gningue-Sall D et al (2020) Toxic heavy metals: impact on the environment and human health, and treatment with conducting organic polymers, a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:29927–29942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09354-3
Saxena P, Harish (2019) Phyco-Nanotechnology: New Horizons of Gold Nano-Factories. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B - Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0813-0
Shah M, Fawcett D, Sharma S et al (2015) Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Materials 8(11):7278–7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8115377
Sharma B, Purkayastha DD, Hazra S et al (2014) Biosynthesis of fluorescent gold nanoparticles using an edible freshwater red alga, Lemanea fluviatilis (L.) C.Ag. and antioxidant activity of biomatrix loaded nanoparticles. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 37:2559–2565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1233-2
Sharma A, Sharma S, Sharma K et al (2016) Algae as crucial organisms in advancing nanotechnology: a systematic review. J Appl Phycol 28:1759–1774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0715-1
Sharma S, Tiwari S, Hasan A et al (2018) Recent advances in conventional and contemporary methods for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. 3 Biotech 8:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1237-8
Shukla MK, Singh RP, Reddy CRK, Jha B (2012) Synthesis and characterization of agar-based silver nanoparticles and nanocomposite film with antibacterial applications. Bioresour Technol 107:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.092
Sicard C, Brayner R, Margueritat J et al (2010) Nano-gold biosynthesis by silica-encapsulated micro-algae: A “living” bio-hybrid material. J Mater Chem 20:9342–9347. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm01735c
Singh M, Kalaivani R, Manikandan S et al (2013) Facile green synthesis of variable metallic gold nanoparticle using Padina gymnospora, a brown marine macroalga. Appl Nanosci 3:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0115-7
Subramaniyam V, Subashchandrabose SR, Thavamani P et al (2015) Chlorococcum sp. MM11—a novel phyco-nanofactory for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles. J Appl Phycol 27:1861–1869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0492-2
Uzair B, Liaqat A, Iqbal H et al (2020) Green and cost-effective synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by algae: Safe methods for translational medicine. Bioengineering 7:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7040129
Venkatpurwar V, Pokharkar V (2011) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine polysaccharide: Study of in-vitro antibacterial activity. Mater Lett 65:999–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.057
Vivek M, Kumar PS, Steffi S, Sudha S (2011) Biogenic silver nanoparticles by gelidiella acerosa extract and their antifungal effects. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 3:143–148
Yang J, Hou B, Wang J et al (2019) Nanomaterials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Nanomaterials 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030424
Ye J, Xiao H, Xiao B et al (2015) Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated aqueous solution by using red algae Porphyra leucosticta. Water Sci Technol 72:1662–1666. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.386
Zahoor M, Irshad M, Rahman H et al (2017) Alleviation of heavy metal toxicity and phytostimulation of Brassica campestris L. by endophytic Mucor sp. MHR-7. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 142:139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.005
Imani S, Rezaei-Zarchi S, Hashemi M et al (eds) (2011) Hg, Cd and Pb heavy metal bioremediation by Dunaliella alga. J Med Plants Res 5:2275–2780
The authors would like to acknowledge constant support received by Delhi Technological University.