Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Phytochemical analysis and comparison of some selected plants
*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Research Articles | Published: 24 October, 2024
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Keywords: Phytochemicals, Secondary Metabolite Medicinal plants, Drugs, Therauptic, Kalindi College, Alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, Sterol, Flavanoid, Glycoside, Terpenoid
Abstract
Knowledge of phytochemicals is very important for the synthesis drugs, medicines, cosmetics etc. Plants are treasure troves of herbal medicines. Herbal medicines have gained popularity, especially after the outbreak of Covid pandemic as they have lesser side effects compared to allopathic medicines. Future will, thus substantially belong to herbal pharmaceuticals. Kalindi College in University of Delhi is a biodiversity rich campus. A number of fruiting trees and herbal plants of medicinal importance are growing in the campus. In present study, some randomly selected plants of medicinal importance from the college were analysed to ascertain the presence of different phytochemicals in them. The objective was to make phytochemical data base of college campus and identify plants of therauptic value. Qualitative tests were performed using methods reported in literature and comparisons were done to report the best results. All the phytochemical tests were performed on crude aqueous extracts of fresh leaves. Leaves were used as they were available in large numbers compared to other plant parts like root, stem, flowers etc. Phytochemical analysis was done for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, sterol, glycosides and terpenoids. A total of 22 randomly selected plants were screened including trees, shrubs and herbs of medicinal importance. Best results were obtained in Withania somnifera, Vinca rosea and Ocimum for alkaloids, Syzgium cumini and Combretum indicum for tannins, Solanum nigrum and Eclipta alba for saponins, Combretum indicum, Gymnema sylvestre and Asparagus for flavonoids, Tradescantia and Bryophyllum for sterols, Withania somnifera and Santalum album for glycosides and Tradescantia for terpenoides. The phytochemical analysis results confirmed that crude aqueous extracts of tested plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds. The phytochemical contents vary from place to place, solvent used and method of extraction. The plants showing high content of these phytochemicals in Kalindi College Campus can be potential sources for the purification of herbal medicines and other pharmaceutical products. The protocol used in this study with fresh leaves and aqueous extract is simple, rapid and eco-friendly. The screened plants with best results in present study would be further investigated for isolation and purification of the bioactive compound for future studies.
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Author Information
Department of Botany, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India