Profiling bioactive compounds of Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze and its antibacterial activity

, , , , ,


Research Articles | Published:

Print ISSN : 0970-4078.
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
Doi: 10.1007/s42535-022-00557-2
First Page: 144
Last Page: 154
Views: 371


Keywords: GC–MS analysis, Bioactive compounds, FTIR, Ethyl acetate, Lamiaceae, Phytochemical analysis, Antibacterial activity


Abstract


The family Lamiaceae consist of high valued medicinal plants is one of the greatest economic sources in the world. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) Kuntze is an aromatic undershrub belonging to Lamiaceae. In the present study, ethyl acetate extracts of leaves were subjected to qualitative analysis, FTIR, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, and antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, reducing sugar, sugar, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins. The FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups such as (alkanes, carboxylic acid, aromatic amines, and aldehyde-saturated aliphatic groups). The ethyl acetate extract of leaves showed remarkable antibacterial activity with 80 µg/ml concentration against the highest activity of Klebsiella aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis at 15 mm. The GC–MS analysis identified 55 components, with the highest peak area (8.52%) belonging to n-hexadecenoic acid. The phytoconstituents in this plant have therefore been discovered to have a high therapeutic value and can be studied for further research. Future research and further pharmacological investigation appear to have a huge potential and scope for P. benghalensis.

Graphical abstract


GC–MS analysis, Bioactive compounds, FTIR, Ethyl acetate, Lamiaceae, Phytochemical analysis, Antibacterial activity


*Get Access

(*Only SPR Members can get full access. Click Here to Apply and get access)

Advertisement

References


Adeyemo RO, Famuyide IM, Dzoyem JP, Lyndy Joy M (2022) Anti-biofilm, antibacterial, and anti-quorum sensing activities of selected South African plants traditionally used to treat diarrhoea. evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine.


Ahsan T, Chen J, Zhao X, Irfan M, Wu Y (2017) Extraction and identification of bioactive compounds (eicosane and dibutyl phthalate) produced by Streptomyces strain KX852460 for the biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 strain KX852461 to control target spot disease in tobacco leaf. AMB Express 7(1):54


Aldakheel Reem K et al (2020) Bactericidal and in vitro cytotoxicity of moringa oleifera seed extract and its elemental analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Pharmaceuticals 13(8):193


Aparna V, Dileep KV, Mandal PK, Karthe P, Sadasivan C, Haridas M (2012) Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chem Biol Drug Des 80(3):434–439


Ashwini S, Khade A, Basawaraj H, Shrishail G (2013) A comprehensive review on Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) O. Kuntze. Res Rev J Pharmacogn Phytochem 1:10–15


Bhuiyan MNI, Varshney VK, Varshney S, Tomar A, Akter F (2011) Composition of essential oil of the leaf and inflorescence of Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) Kuntze. Int Res J Plant Sci 2(9):271–5


Brinda P, Sasikala P, Purushothaman KK (1981) Pharmacognostic studies on Merugan kizhangu. Bull Med Eth Bot Res 3(1):84–96


Cáceres-Vélez PR, Ali A, Fournier-Level A, Dunshea FR, Jusuf PR (2022) Phytochemical and safety evaluations of finger lime, mountain pepper, and tamarind in zebrafish embryos. Antioxidants 11(7):1280


Dahiya S, Batish DR, Singh HP (2020) Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Bengal Pogostemon (Pogostemon benghalensis). J Herbmed Pharmacol 9(4):318–327


Dey P, Goyary D, Chattopadhyay P, Kishor S, Karmakar S, Verma A (2020) Evaluation of larvicidal activity of Piper longum leaf against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. S Afr J Bot 132:482–490


Dhivyadharchini M, Suresh P, Manikandan T, Vasuki A, Nandhagopalan V, Prabha AML (2022) Investigation on nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant abilities of various traditional rice varieties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1–24


Geethika K, Sunojkumar P (2017) Preliminary phytochemical screening of 6 members of Leucas (Lamiaceae). Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 47:60–64


Gopalakrishnan K, Udayakumar R (2017) Phytochemical content of leaf and stem of Marsilea quadrifolia L. J Phytopathol 1:26–37


Gowtham K, Thenmozhi M, Suganthi M, Abirami G, Jayanthi M (2019) Bioactive compound screening and ftir analysis in Abrus precatorius L. Roth.


Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V (2021) Alkaloids used as medicines: structural phytochemistry meets biodiversity—an update and forward look. Molecules 26(7):1836


Janakiraman N, Johnson M, Sahaya SS (2012) GC–MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. (Acanthaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2:146–149


Kamaleswari K, Nandagopalan V (2016) Phytochemical screening of Pogostemon auricularis (Linn.) Hassk. of Lamiaceae. Bio Disc 7(1):07–10


Khatiwora E, Adsul VB, Kulkarni M, Deshpande NR, Kashalkar RV (2012) Antibacterial activity of Dibutyl Phthalate: a secondary metabolite isolated from Ipomoea carnea stem. J Pharm Res 51:150–152


Khatua S, Pandey A, Biswas SJ (2016) Phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial properties of Trichosanthes dioica root extract. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 5(5):410


Krishnan K, Mani A, Jasmine S (2014) Cytotoxic activity of bioactive compound 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono 2-ethylhexyl ester extracted from a marine derived Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8. Int J Mol Cell Med 3(4):246


Lodha S, Deshmukh S (2020) Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial property of leaves of Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. F.) Kuntze. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol Environ Sci 22(1):71–76


Maajida AM, Gayathri RV, Priya V (2017) Preliminary phytochemical analysis and estimation of total phenolic content in rosemary extract. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 44(2):207–209


Mahesh B, Satish S (2008) Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens. World J Agric Sci 4(5):839–843


Mao LJ, Xie XY, Gao Y, Lai PX, Ma QL (2019) Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Leonurus pseudomacranthus Kitag. Rec Nat Prod 13:91–95


Moghadam NCZ, Jasim SA, Ameen F, Alotaibi DH, Nobre MA, Sellami H, Khatami M (2022) Nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesis using plant extract and evaluation of their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 45(7):1201–1210


Muthuraj K, Shalimol A, Sivapriya KT, Nagarajan N (2015) Screening of active phytocompounds by GC-MS analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of endemic plant Pogostemon mollis benth. Int J Rec Adv Multi Res 2(7):534–539


Naise MG, Bhadaange DG (2017) In-vitro antibacterial activity of Pogostemon benghalensis (N. Burman) Kuntz. Lamiaceae plant from Melghat (MS) India. Int J Appl Res 10:228–229


Olivia NU, Goodness UC, Obinna OM (2021) Phytochemical profiling and GC-MS analysis of aqueous methanol fraction of Hibiscus asper leaves. Fut J Pharm Sci 7(1):1–5


Pejin B, Kojic V, Bogdanovic G (2014) An insight into the cytotoxic activity of phytol at in vitro conditions. Nat Prod Res 28(22):2053–2056


Pimpliskar MR, Jadhav R, Ughade Y, Jadhav RN (2021) Preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological screening of Pogostemon benghalensis for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Asian J Pharm Pharmacol 7:28–32


Radhika R, Rajendran R, Thavamurugan S, Prabha AL (2022) Determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen stem extracts. Biomass Convers Biorefin 1–14


Rapando JW, Ngugi MP, Muturi M, Ogutu JO (2020) Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum. Res Square


Rhetso T, Shubharani R, Roopa MS, Sivaram V (2020) Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Don. Fut J Pharm Sci 6(1):1–9


Taylor RSL et al (1995) Screening of selected medicinal plants of Nepal for antimicrobial activities. J Ethnopharmacol 46(3):153–159


Thoppil JE, Tajo A, Minija J, Deena MJ, Sreeranjini K, Leeja L, Alfarhan AH (2014) Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of three species of Pogostemon. J Environ Biol 35(5):795


Vaghasiya Y, Nair R, Chanda S (2008) Antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis of Eucalyptus citriodora Hk leaf. Nat Prod Res 22(9):754–762


Yassa N, Masoomi F, Rankouhi SR, Hadjiakhoondi A (2015) Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extract and essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran, population of Guilan. DARU J Pharm Sci 17(3):175–180

 


Acknowledgements


The first author US thanking the Research Foundation of Bharathidasan University for the University Research Fellowship (URF) and the facility to carry out the research.


Author Information


Sandhiya Udayakumar
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India

Manikandan T.
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India


Thavamurugan Subbu
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India


Kavipriya M. R.
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India


Pavithra Senthil Kumar
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India

Lakshmi Prabha Azhagiya Manavalan
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
dralprabha@bdu.ac.in