Utilization of over-ripened fruit (waste fruit) for the eco-friendly production of ethanol

,

Research Articles | Published:

Print ISSN : 0970-4078.
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
Doi: 10.1007/s42535-020-00185-8
First Page: 270
Last Page: 276
Views: 1866


Keywords: Fruit waste, Bioethanol, Alcoholic fermentation


Abstract

This research was carried out to produce ethanol for use as a sanitizer in today’s COVID-19 pandemic situation, via cost-effective and eco-friendly techniques. The waste of seasonal fruit, i.e. apple, grape and Indian blueberry, was used in the study. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was used with KMnO4 (5%), sucrose (47 g) and urea (1.5 g) for the fermentation process. All the selected overripe fruits were analyzed for variations in parameters including specific gravity, pH, temperature and concentration during complete fermentation for ethanol production. After complete fermentation, it was clear that the use of Indian blueberry at a temperature of 33 °C, specific gravity of 0.875 and pH value of 5.2 yielded the highest ethanol concentration of 6.5%. The concentration of ethanol obtained from grape samples was 5.23% at 30 °C with specific gravity of 0.839 and pH 4.3. Lastly, the ethanol concentration obtained from apple waste was about 4.52% at 32 °C with specific gravity of 0.880 and pH of 4.7 pH. The FTIR curve of each sample shows an absorbance peak in a wave number range of 3000 cm−1 to 3500 cm−1, which indicates the absence of alcohol in the samples after fermentation.



*Get Access

(*Only SPR Members can get full access. Click Here to Apply and get access)

Advertisement

References

  1. Anwar Z, Gulfraz M, Irshad M (2014) Agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomass a key to unlock the future bio-energy: a brief review. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 7(2):163–173

  2. Balat M, Balat H (2009) Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Appl Energy 86(11):2273–2282

  3. Baskar C, Baskar S, Dhillon RS (eds) (2012) Biomass conversion: The interface of biotechnology, chemistry and materials science. Springer Sci & Business Media, Berlin

  4. Behera BK, Arora M, Sharma DK (1996) Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies on structural architecture of lignocellulosic materials of Calotropis procera during its processing for saccharification. Biores Technol 58(3):241–245

  5. Bokulich NA, Bamforth CW (2013) The microbiology of malting and brewing. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 77(2):157–172

  6. Dhanaseeli PB, Balasubramanian V (2014) Studies of ethanol production from different fruit wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 11:19–23 (Special edition)

  7. Dudley R (2004) Ethanol, fruit ripening, and the historical origins of human alcoholism in primate frugivory. Integr Comp Biol 44(4):315–323

  8. FSSI (2015) Manual of methods of analysis of foods. Alcoholic beverages, Ministry of health and family welfare, GOI, New Delhi

  9. Fukuda H, Kondo A, Tamalampudi S (2009) Bioenergy: Sustainable fuels from biomass by yeast and fungal whole-cell biocatalysts. Biochem Eng J 44(1):2–12

  10. Gnansounou E, Dauriat A (2011) Techno-economic analysis of lignocellulosic ethanol: A review. Bioresour Technol 101:4980–4991

  11. Godheja J, Shekhar SK, Satyanarayan GNV, Singh SP, Modi DR (2017) Antibiotic and heavy metal tolerance of some indigenous bacteria isolated from petroleum contaminated soil sediments with a study of their aromatic hydrocarbon degradation potential. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6:194–211

  12. Gold NA, Mirza TM, Avva U (2018) Alcohol Sanitizer. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513254/

  13. Indian standard specifications– IS 7585:1995 Specifications for table wine, methods of analysis. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi, India

  14. Jahid M, Gupta A, Sharma DK (2018) Production of bioethanol from fruit wastes (banana, papaya, pineapple and mango peels) under milder conditions. J Bioprocess Biotechn 8(3):1–11

  15. Kerton FM, Marriott R (2013) Alternative solvents for green chemistry. 2nd edn, RSC publishing, Cambridge

  16. Kosava MR (2017) Waste from fruit wine production. In: Science and Technology of Fruit Wine Production. Academic Press, pp 557–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-13641-0

  17. Liang S, Xu M, Zhang T (2013) Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China. Biores Technol 129:72–77

  18. Lin Y, Tanaka S (2006) Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69(6):627–642

  19. Lin L, Zhou W, Gao R, Yao S, Zhang X, Xu et al (2017) Low-temperature hydrogen production from water and methanol using Pt/α-MoC catalysts. Nature 544(7648):80–83

  20. Mansouri A, Rihani R, Laoufi AN, Özkan M (2016) Production of bioethanol from a mixture of agricultural feedstocks: biofuels characterization. Fuel 185:612–621

  21. Ogbonda KH, Kiin-Kabari DB (2013) Effect of temperature and pH on ethanol production by a Blastomyces species isolated from the intestine of oil palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum, coleoptera). Afr J Biotech 12(6):588–591

  22. Robak K, Balcerek M (2018) Review of second generation bioethanol production from residual biomass. Food Technol Biotechnol 56(2):174–187

  23. Sarkar D, Prajapati S, Poddar K, Sarkar A (2019) Production of ethanol by Enterobacter sp. EtK3 during fruit waste biotransformation. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 145:104795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104795

  24. Sarmah P, Das S, Sharma H, Rout J (2019) Microalgal biomass generation by phycoremediation of sewage water: an integrated approach for production of antioxidant and value added products. Vegetos 32(4):556–563

  25. Shah S, Sahoo D, Shukla RN, Mishra G (2019) De novo transcriptome sequencing of monodopsis subterranea ccala 830 and identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentanoic acid and triacylglycerol. Vegetos 32(4):600–608

  26. Sharma DK (2015) Emerging biomass conversion technologies for obtaining value-added chemicals and fuels from biomass. Proceed Indian Nat Sci Acad 81(4):755–764

  27. Singh A, Das K, Sharma DK (1984) Production of xylose, furfural, fermentable sugars and ethanol from agricultural residues. J Chem Technol Biotechnol Chem Technol 34(2):51–61

  28. Singh JS, Kumar A, Rai AN, Singh DP (2016) Cyanobacteria: a precious bio-resource in agriculture, ecosystem, and environmental sustainability. Front Microbiol 7:529. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00529

  29. Tesfaw A, Assefa F (2014) Current trends in bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: substrate, inhibitor reduction, growth variables, coculture, and immobilization. Int Scholar Res Notices. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/532852

  30. Walker GM (2010) Bioethanol: science and technology of fuel alcohol. Bookboon, London, p 116

  31. Wong YC, Sanggari V (2014) Bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse using fermentation process. Orient J Chem 30(2):507–513

  32. Zabed H, Faruq G, Sahu JN, Azirun MS, Hashim R, Boyce NA (2014) Bioethanol production from fermentable sugar juice. Sci World J 2014:957102. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/957102

  33. Zabed H, Sahu JN, Suely A, Boyce AN, Faruq G (2017) Bioethanol production from renewable sources: current perspectives and technological progress. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 71:475–501


    34.  


Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Regional Food Research & Analysis Centre, Udyan Bhawan Lucknow, UP, for providing research facility in their campus. The authors also express their gratitude to Dr. Mukesh from USIC BBA University Lucknow for helping in FTIR analysis.


Author Information

Chitranshi Rishabh
Department of Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
rishabh.chitranshi12@gmail.com
Kapoor Raj
Department of Testing and Certification, National Collateral Management Limited, Kanpur, India