Comparative analysis of phytochemistry, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and anti-microbial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ficus racemosa from North-Eastern India

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DOI: 10.1007/s42535-026-01782-9
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Keywords: n Hibiscus sabdariffan , n Ficus racemosan , Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals


Abstract


The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is significantly influenced by their phytochemicals, which, in turn, are shaped by several eco-geographical factors. We performed a comparative evaluation of polyphenol-rich fractions of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ficus racemosa from North-East India, focusing on their phytochemistry and bioactivities. The polyphenol-rich fraction was separated from the methanolic extract; total phenolics were quantified; and bioactivity in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, and antimicrobial potential against B. subtilis was assessed. The extracts from H. sabdariffa, particularly from its aerial parts, exhibited higher phytochemical content and greater bioactivity. This study also reported some significant new insights on the phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of F. racemosa for the first time. These findings highlight the influence of geographical and ecological factors on phytochemicals and bioactivity, support their ethnomedicinal use, and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo studies to validate their therapeutic potential.

n                     Hibiscus sabdariffan                  , n                     Ficus racemosan                  , Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals


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Author Information


Natural Products and Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India