Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Essential oils of Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. have potential antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities
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Research Articles | Published: 10 June, 2025
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Keywords: n Adenia Lobatan , Essential oils, Disc diffusion, Free radical scavenging, Cytotoxic
Abstract
Adenia lobata (Passifloracae) is a climbing plant useful as trado-medicine for treating cough, syphilis, hemorrhoids, nasal cancer, and gonorrhea. This research aimed at isolating essential oils (EOs) from the fresh and air-dried leaf and stalk of Adenia lobata and then investigating their potential bioactivities. EOs were extracted from A. lobata using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Antibacterial activities were tested using the disc diffusion method against five bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Antioxidant activities were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method while the cytotoxicity assay was done using brine shrimps. In the fresh and air-dried leaf and stalk EOs, thirty-one compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Phytol was the most abundant component of the fresh leaf (83.81%) and fresh stalk (34.85%), while (8E)-10-Methyl-8-tetradecenyl-acetate (21.04%) and p-Xylene (51.32%) were respectively the most abundant in the air-dried leaf and air-dried stalk EOs. Fresh leaves EO had the highest bacterial inhibition and it was against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm). The antioxidant values ranged from IC50 226.5–2097.1 µg/mL with the fresh stalk EO being the most active antioxidant. Cytotoxicity assay using Artemia nauplii yielded promising activities (LC50 = 7.86 × 10− 11 − 1.43 µg/mL) compared with vincristine (LC50 = 0.95 µg/mL). The air-dried leaves showed the highest cytotoxicity while the lowest activity was observed for air-dried stalk EO. The results observed for these bioassays suggest that the EOs from this plant have potential as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic agent.
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Author Information
Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria