Sivakumar S. R., Annamalai Aravinth, Ramasamy Manikandan, Sarbudeen M.
Keywords:
n l-Asparaginase, n Ulva intestinalis (green), n Lobophora variegate (brown), n Halymenia dilatata (red), HPLC
The present study evaluates the production of l-asparaginase enzyme from the seaweeds of Ulva intestinalis L. (green), Lobophora variegata L. (brown), and Halymenia dilatata L. (red). The concentrations of ammonia and protein are tested in all three seaweeds. Among them, Ulva intestinalis contained a higher concentration of ammonia and protein with values of 404.166 ± 33.815 mg/mL and 8.233 ± 0.109 mg/mL, respectively. The HPLC results indicated that Lobophora variegata showed a higher peak (5) area percentage with a value of 35.911%, followed by Halymenia dilatata, which showed a peak (5) area percentage of 35.406%. Finally, Ulva intestinalis showed a peak (5) area percentage of 32.063. However, the HPLC results of the l-asparaginase enzyme (extracted from the seaweeds) showed the highest peak (1) area percentage with a value of 100%. These findings show that the l-asparaginase enzyme extracted from these seaweeds might be utilized in food processing and pharmacological medicines. Further studies are needed to explore the biological activity of the l-asparaginase enzyme extracted from these seaweeds.
(*Only SPR Life Members can get full access.)
Abd El-Baky HH, El-Baroty GS (2020) Spirulina maxima l-asparaginase: Immobilization, antiviral and antiproliferation activities. Recent Pat Biotechnol 14(2):154–163
Arvanitoyannis IS, Dionisopoulou N (2014) Acrylamide: formation, occurrence in food products, detection methods, and legislation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Crit Rev Food Sci 54(6):708–733
Batool T, Makky EA, Jalal M, Yusoff MM (2016) A comprehensive review on L-Asparaginase and its applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 178(5):900–923
Chang KS, Farnden KJ (1981) Purification and properties of asparaginase from Lupinus arboreus and Lupinus angustifolius. Arch Biochem 208(1):49–58
Charles P, Devanathan V, Anbu P, Ponnuswamy MN, Kalaichelvan PT, Hur BK (2008) Purification, characterization and crystallization of an extracellular alkaline protease from Aspergillus nidulans HA-10. J Basic Microbiol 48(5):347–352
Chen W, Zhang P, Yu S, Zang R, Xu L, Wang S, Meng J (2022) Nacre-inspired underwater superoleophobic films with high transparency and mechanical robustness. Nat Protoc 17:1–21
Circuncisao AR, Catarino MD, Cardoso SM, Silva AM (2018) Minerals from macroalgae origin: Health benefits and risks for consumers. Mar Drugs 16(11):400
Cordell GA (2000) Biodiversity and drug discovery a symbiotic relationship. Phytochemistry 55:463–480
Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Padwad YS, Singh D (2023) Biochemical characterization of extremozyme L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp PCH199 for therapeutics. AMB Express 13(1):22
Darvishi F, Jahanafrooz Z, Mokhtarzadeh A (2022) Microbial L-asparaginase as a promising enzyme for treatment of various cancers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(17):5335–5347
Doriya K, Kumar DS (2016) Isolation and screening of L-asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease from fungal sp. Biotech 6(2):1–10
Dumina M, Zhgun A, Pokrovskaya M, Aleksandrova S, Zhdanov D, Sokolov N, El’darov, M. (2021) Highly active thermophilic L-asparaginase from melioribacter roseus represents a novel large group of type II bacterial L-asparaginases from chlorobi-ignavibacteriae-bacteroidetes clade. Int J Mol Sci 22(24):13632
El-Fakharany E, Orabi H, Abdelkhalek E, Sidkey N (2022) Purification and biotechnological applications of L-asparaginase from newly isolated Bacillus halotolerans OHEM18 as antitumor and antioxidant agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 40(9):3837–3849
El-Naggar NEA, El-Shweihy NM (2020) Bioprocess development for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei, purification and in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 10(1):1–21
Friedman M (2003) Chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide. A Rev J Agric Food Chem 51(16):4504–4526
Gereniu CRN, Saravana PS, Chun BS (2018) Recovery of carrageenan from Solomon Islands red seaweed using ionic liquid-assisted subcritical water extraction. Sep Purif Technol 196:309–317
Guiziou F, Beline F (2005) In situ measurement of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from broiler houses in France. Bioresour Technol 96(2):203–207
Haefner B (2003) Drugs from the deep: marine natural products as drug candidates. Drug Discov Today 8:536–544
Hammami A, Hamdi M, Abdelhedi O, Jridi M, Nasri M, Bayoudh A (2017) Surfactant-and oxidant-stable alkaline proteases from Bacillus invictae: characterization and potential applications in chitin extraction and as a detergent additive. Int J Biol Macromol 96:272–281
Karamitros CS, Konrad M (2014) Human 60-kDa lysophospholipase contains an N-terminal L-asparaginase domain that is allosterically regulated by L-asparagine. J Biol Chem 289(19):12962–12975
Kelecom A (2002) Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. An Acad Bras Cienc 74:151–170
Khalaf AZ (2012) Extraction and Purification of Asparaginase enzyme from Pisum sativum plant and studying their cytotoxicity against L20B tumor cell line. Al-Nahrain University, Msc. Theises
Khanahmadi S, Yusof F, Amid A, Mahmod SS, Mahat MK (2015) Optimized preparation and characterization of CLEA-lipase from cocoa pod husk. J Biotechnol 202:153–161
Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker KD, Bonanome A, Coval SM, Binkoski AE, Hilpert KF, Griel AE, Etherton TD (2002) Bioactive compounds in foods: their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am J Med 113:71S-88S
Kumar S, Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Singh D (2022) Molecular cloning, characterization, and in-silico analysis of l-asparaginase from Himalayan Pseudomonas sp PCH44. Biotech 12(8):162
Lowry OH (1951) Protein determination with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Lubkowski J, Wlodawer A (2021) Structural and biochemical properties of L-asparaginase. FEBS Lett 288(14):4183–4209
Maese L, Rau RE (2022) Current use of asparaginase in acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. Front Pediatr 10:30
Mahajan RV, Saran S, Kameswaran K, Kumar V, Saxena RK (2012) Efficient production of L-asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis with low-glutaminase activity: optimization, scale up and acrylamide degradation studies. Bioresour Technol 125:11–16
Majeed S, Nawaz F, Naeem M, Ashraf MY (2018) Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on sulfur and nitrate assimilation pathway enzymes in maize (Zea mays L) under drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant 40(12):1–14
Mayer AMS, Lehmann VKB (2000) Marine pharmacology in 1998: Marine compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, and antiviral activities; with actions on the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems; and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Pharmacologist 42:62–69
Meister A (1950) Reduction of α, γ-diketo and α-keto acids catalysed by muscle preparations and by crystalline lactic dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 184(1):117–129
Moguel IS, Yamakawa CK, Brumano LP, Pessoa A Jr, Mussatto SI (2022) Selection and Optimization of Medium Components for the Efficient Production of L-Asparaginase by Leucosporidium scottii L115—A Psychrotolerant Yeast. Ferment 8(8):398
Mohapatra L, Pati P, Panigrahy R, Bhattamisra SK (2013) Therapeutic health booster: Seaweeds against several maladies.
Muneer F, Siddique MH, Azeem F, Rasul I, Muzammil S, Zubair M, Nadeem H (2020) Microbial L-asparaginase: purification, characterization and applications. Arch Microbiol 202:967–981
Murphy RJ, Buenzli PR, Baker RE, Simpson MJ (2020) Mechanical cell competition in heterogeneous epithelial tissues. Bull Math Biol 82(10):130–00746
Patial V, Kumar V, Joshi R, Gupta M, Singh D (2022) Acrylamide mitigation in foods using recombinant L-asparaginase: an extremozyme from himalayan pseudomonas sp PCH182. Food Res J 162:111936
Polat S, Trif M, Rusu A, Simat V, Cagalj M, Alak G, Ozogul F (2021) Recent advances in industrial applications of seaweeds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Crit Rev Food Sci. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2010646
Prakash P, Singh HR, Jha SK (2020) Production, purification and kinetic characterization of glutaminase free anti-leukemic L-asparaginase with low endotoxin level from novel soil isolate. Prep Biochem 50(3):260–271
Rao PV, Periyasamy C (2020) Biodiversity, conservation and medicinal uses of seaweeds: the glimpses. In: Rao PV (ed) Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Sustainable Utilization and Conservation. Springer, Singapore
Ruperez P, Saura-Calixto F (2001) Dietary fibre and physicochemical properties of edible Spanish seaweeds. Eur Food Res Technol 212:349–354
Saeed H, Hemida A, El-Nikhely N, Abdel-Fattah M, Shalaby M, Hussein A, Nematalla H (2020) Highly efficient Pyrococcus furiosus recombinant L-asparaginase with no glutaminase activity: Expression, purification, functional characterization, and cytotoxicity on THP-1, A549 and Caco-2 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 156:812–828
Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Seca AM, Pinto DC, Michalak I, Trincone A, Martin N (2019) Current trends on seaweeds: Looking at chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications. Molecules 24(22):4182
Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Mishra V, Rajender S, Sankhwar SN, Patel D, Das M (2011) Withania somnifera improves semen quality by combating oxidative stress and cell death and improving essential metal concentrations. Reprod Biomed Online 22(5):421–427
Tanna B, Mishra A (2019) Nutraceutical potential of seaweed polysaccharides: Structure, bioactivity, safety, and toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 18(3):817–831
Thurstan RH, Brittain Z, Jones DS, Cameron E, Dearnaley J, Bellgrove A (2018) Aboriginal uses of seaweeds in temperate Australia: an archival assessment. J Appl Phycol 30(3):1821–1832
Vieira EF, Soares C, Machado S, Oliva-Teles MT, Correia M, João Ramalhosa M, Delerue-Matos C (2020) Development of new canned chub mackerel products incorporating edible seaweeds—Influence on the minerals and trace elements composition. Molecules 25(5):1133
Vimal A, Kumar A (2022) l-asparaginase: need for an expedition from an enzymatic molecule to antimicrobial drug. Int J Pept Res Ther 28(1):9
Wenzel E, Somoza V (2005) Metabolism and bioavailability of trans-resveratrol. Mol Nutr Food Res 49(5):472–481
Whitaker-Azmitia PM, Zhang X, Clarke C (1994) Effects of gestational exposure to monoamine oxidase inhibitors in rats: preliminary behavioral and neurochemical studies. Neuropsychopharmacology 11(2):125–132
Whitcomb DC, Lowe ME (2007) Human pancreatic digestive enzymes. Dig Dis Sci 52(1):1–17
Wingfield PT (2014) Preparation of soluble proteins from Escherichia coli. Curr Protoc Protein Sci 78(1):6–2
Yu G, Bayer AR, Galloway MM, Korshavn KJ, Fry CG, Keutsch FN (2011) Glyoxal in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions: products, kinetics and hydration effects. Environ Sci Technol 45(15):6336–6342
Zhang K, Song C, Li Q, Li Y, Yang K, Jin B (2010) The establishment of a highly sensitive ELISA for detecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) based on a specific pair of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and its application in vaccine quality control. Hum Vaccin 6(8):652–658
The authors thank the authorities of the Bharathidasan University for providing access to the facilities and for their encouragement. AA thanks the Adi Dravider Welfare Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu for its financial support.