Das Gupta Debmalya, Paul Dipayan, Das Sanjib Kumar, Mahanta Saurov, Tag Hui, Hui Pallabi Kalita
Keywords:
Paris polyphylla
, Anticancer phytochemicals, Genetical diversity, ISSR, SCoT markers, Gene flow
Paris polyphylla is a threatened medicinal herb endowed with prized anticancer phytochemicals, namely, diosgenin, pennogenin and polyphyllin belonging to the class of steroidal saponins. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the population structure of P. polyphylla in the Eastern Himalayas, India using the molecular-based approach for effective conservation and sustainable utilization. Using Intersimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) markers, forty-six accessions of P. polyphylla collected from eleven natural population sites were assessed which revealed 82.89% and 77.37% polymorphism, respectively. The recorded gene flow value (Nm) amongst the population was found low (0.31). The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed high genetic variance (81.17%) among the population than within the population (18.83%). Eleven natural population groups investigated from the Arunachal Himalayan region of India were found divided into two major clusters (I and II): Cluster I comprises fourteen accessions which are further divided into two subclusters and showed genetical closeness to each other while cluster II comprises thirty-two accessions which are further divided into three subclusters. The Mantel test revealed that the ISSR and SCoT techniques had a similar polymorphism distribution pattern, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89, indicating that both techniques were effective in determining genetic diversity. While ISSR markers showed higher polymorphism, SCoT markers were also found reliable and informative technique for assessing genetic diversity and relationships among P. polyphylla populations, according to our findings. The present studies have confirmed ISSR and SCoT based markers as an efficient, reliable, quick and inexpensive tools for determining the genetic diversity of P. polyphylla. The present findings are expected to help researchers in the selection of superior chemotype and genotype of P. polyphylla which possess higher content of bioactive anticancer phytochemicals (diosgenin, pennogenin & polyphyllin) of pharmaceutical importance for conservation, genetic improvement and utilization as a viable source of anticancer drug development.
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The authors are thankful to Mr Sanjay Moyong for helping in the preparation of the Paris distribution map. The authors are also thankful to Mr Bipul Ch. Kalita, Mr Abhijit Paul, Mr Atek Nangkar, Ms Momang Taram and Ms Rubu Rinyo for providing valuable information on the current distribution status of the P. polyphylla population in the Eastern Himalaya. The vital logistic support extended by the Director of NIT Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, and Vice-Chancellor of Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh are deeply acknowledged.