Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
(eISSN: 2229-4473)
Plant-mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles from Ipomoea sepiaria leaves: evaluation of biomedical potentials
*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Research Articles | Published: 27 March, 2026
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
Views: 92
Keywords: n Ipomoea sepiarian , AgNPs, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Zebrafish, Wound healing
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance, free radical induced oxidative stress and exposure to toxic agents are major health concerns demand the need for safter and less harmful medications for efficient treatments. In this context, this research delves into the benign production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing leaf extract of Ipomoea sepiaria (IS) and evaluates their bioactive potential. UV–Vis analysis of the IS AgNPs revealed a distinct absorption peak at 410 nm. XRD results indicated the crystalline structure of the synthesized IS AgNPs, measuring 9.32 nm in size. HR-TEM analysis showed that IS AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with an average diameter of 36 ± 9.44 nm. FTIR analysis revealed that, aromatic amines, alkanes, alkenes, ketones, sulfone and alcohol groups were the key agents involved in the formation and stabilization of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of the IS AgNPs against test bacterial pathogens demonstrated varying degrees of the inhibitory zones. Notably, it rendered a profound halo measuring 18.3 mm with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/ml and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 64 µg/ml against E. coli. The ability of IS AgNPs to scavenge DPPH radicals showed a dose-dependent increase ranged between 8.1% (20 µg) and 81% (100 µg). Cytotoxicity using THP1 cell line revealed moderate cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 47.44 µg/ ml. The acute toxicity assessment of IS AgNPs against zebrafish Danio rerio model showed no signs of mortality or toxic behaviour after 96-h exposure at 50 µg/l. Furthermore, the in vivo wound healing study revealed that 50 µg/l of IS AgNPs efficiently accelerated the wound closure than the untreated controls, with histopathological evaluations confirming enhanced tissue regeneration.
References
Abdel-Aziz MS, Shaheen MS, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Wahhab MA (2014) Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Chenopodium murale leaf extract. J Saudi Chem Soc 18:356–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2013.09.011
Abdoli M, Sadrjavadi K, Arkan E, Zangeneh MM, Moradi S, Zangeneh A, shahlaei M, Khaledian S (2020) Polyvinyl alcohol/gum tragacanth/graphene oxide composite nanofiber for antibiotic delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 60:102044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102044
Ajitha B, Ashok Kumar Reddy Y, Sreedhara Reddy P (2015) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Lantana camara leaf extract. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 49:373–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.035
Aldakheel FM, Sayed MME, Mohsen D, Fagir MH, El Dein DK (2023) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles loaded hydrogel for wound healing; Systematic review. Gels 9:530. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070530
Anon (2019) Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069961-en
Asif M, Yasmin R, Asif R, Ambreen A, Mustafa M, Umbreen S (2022) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), structural characterization, and their antibacterial potential. Dose-Response. https://doi.org/10.1177/15593258221088709
Bharathi S, Kumaran S, Suresh G, Ramesh B, Nalina Sundari MS (2018) Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hygrophila auriculata leaf extract and assessment of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Int J Appl Pharm 10:119–125. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.28605
Bharathi S, Ramesh B, Kumaran S, Radhakrishnan M, Saravanan D, Saravanan P, Pugazhvendan SR, Nalinasundari MS (2021) Development of nanobiomaterial for wound healing based on silver nanoparticles loaded on chitosan hydrogel. 3 Biotech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-03030-0
Borlongan KM, Torres MAJ, Demayo C, Llantos O (2024) A systematic review on ethnobotany and bioactive compounds of the genus ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Himal J Health Sci. https://doi.org/10.22270/hjhs.v9i2.191
Choi JE, Kim S, Ahn JH, Youn P, Kang JS, Park K, Yi J, Ryu D-Y (2010) Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by silver nanoparticles in the liver of adult zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 100:151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.012
Comino-Sanz IM, López-Franco MD, Castro B, Pancorbo-Hidalgo PL (2021) The role of antioxidants on wound healing: A review of the current evidence. J Clin Med Basel 10:3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163558
Daoudi H, Bouafia A, Meneceur S, Laouini SE, Belkhalfa H, Lebbihi R, Selmi B (2022) Secondary metabolite from Nigella sativa seeds mediated synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles for efficient antioxidant and antibacterial activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 32:4223–4236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02393-y
Dehnoee A, Javad Kalbasi R, Zangeneh MM, Delnavazi M, Zangeneh A (2023) One-step synthesis of silver nanostructures using Heracleum persicum fruit extract, their cytotoxic activity, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities. Micro Nano Lett. https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.12153
Devaraj P, Kumari P, Aarti C, Renganathan A (2013) Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using cannonball leaves and their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line. J Nanotechnol 2013:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598328
Dhand V, Soumya L, Bharadwaj S, Chakra S, Bhatt D, Sreedhar B (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea arabica seed extract and its antibacterial activity. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 58:36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.018
Fitzmaurice SD, Sivamani RK, Isseroff RR (2011) Antioxidant therapies for wound healing: a clinical guide to currently commercially available products. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 24:113–126. https://doi.org/10.1159/000322643
Giri AK, Jena B, Biswal B, Pradhan AK, Arakha M, Acharya S, Acharya L (2022) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Eugenia roxburghii DC. extract and activity against biofilm-producing bacteria. Sci Rep 12:8383. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12484-y
Girilal M, Krishnakumar V, Poornima P, Mohammed Fayaz A, Kalaichelvan PT (2015) A comparative study on biologically and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles induced heat shock proteins on fresh water fish Oreochromis niloticus. Chemosphere 139:461–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.005
Hemlata MPR, Singh AP, Tejavath KK (2020) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cucumis prophetarum aqueous leaf extract and their antibacterial and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. ACS Omega 5:5520–5528. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00155
Jyoti K, Baunthiyal M, Singh A (2016) Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 9:217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.10.002
Kalavathi R, Vijayakumar S, Vidhya E (2024) Silver nanoparticles derived from Clerodendrum inerme L. using biosynthesis: an infection curing and enhancing the feasibility of various cell proliferation efficiencies. Vegetos. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00979-0
Kavipriya R, Ramasubburayan R (2024) Phytofabrication of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticle using Gymnema sylvestre and its potent in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 47:1377–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-03035-y
Kayed K, Issa M, Al-ourabi H (2024) The FTIR spectra of Ag/Ag 2 O composites doped with silver nanoparticles. J Exp Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2024.2336227
Kedare SB, Singh RP (2011) Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 48:412–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1
Khanal LN, Sharma KR, Paudyal H, Parajuli K, Dahal B, Ganga GC, Pokharel YR, Kalauni SK (2022) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from root extracts of Rubus ellipticus Sm. and comparison of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1832587
Khandan Nasab N, Sabouri Z, Ghazal S, Darroudi M (2020) Green-based synthesis of mixed-phase silver nanoparticles as an effective photocatalyst and investigation of their antibacterial properties. J Mol Struct 1203:127411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127411
Krithiga N, Rajalakshmi A, Jayachitra A (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum and study of its antibacterial effect against common nosocomial pathogens. J Nanosci 2015:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/928204
Latha TS, Lomada D, Dharani PK, Muthukonda SV, Reddy MC (2016) Ti–O based nanomaterials ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and collagen-induced arthritis. RSC Adv 6:8870–8880. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA18974H
Loo YY, Rukayadi Y, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Kuan CH, Chieng BW, Nishibuchi M, Radu S (2018) In Vitro antimicrobial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against selected Gram-negative foodborne pathogens. Front Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01555
Majumder S (2013) Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation of Ipomoea sepiaria koenig ex. roxb. root. J Res Educ Indian Med. 19:65–71
Manik UP, Nande A, Raut S, Dhoble SJ (2020) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extraction of Artocarpus heterophylus and Azadirachta indica. Res Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2020.100086
Nandhini J, Karthikeyan E, Elizabeth Rani E, Karthikha VS, Sakthi Sanjana D, Jeevitha H, Rajeshkumar S, Venugopal V, Priyadharshan A (2024) Advancing engineered approaches for sustainable wound regeneration and repair: harnessing the potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Eng Regen 5:306–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engreg.2024.06.004
Naomi R, Bahari H, Yazid MD, Embong H, Othman F (2021) Zebrafish as a model system to study the mechanism of cutaneous wound healing and drug discovery: advantages and challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 14:1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14101058
Nejad FS, Alizade-Harakiyan M, Haghi M, Ebrahimi R, Zangeneh MM, Farajollahi A, Fathi R, Mohammadi R, Miandoab SS, Asl MH, Asgharian P, Divband B, Ahmadi A (2024) Investigating the effectiveness of iron nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis method in chemoradiotherapy of colon cancer. Heliyon 10:e28343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28343
Paladini F, Pollini M (2019) Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles for wound healing application: progress and future trends. Materials (Basel) 12:2540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12162540
Paul TK, Jalil MA, Repon MdR, Alim MdA, Islam T, Rahman ST, Paul A, Rhaman M (2023) Mapping the progress in surface plasmon resonance analysis of phytogenic silver nanoparticles with colorimetric sensing applications. Chem Biodivers. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300510
Pirabbasi E, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Moradi R, Kalantar M (2024) Chemical characterization and effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides green-synthesized silver nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities in streptozotocin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar diabetic male rats. Food Sci Nutr 12:3443–3451. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4008
Politano AD, Campbell KT, Rosenberger LH, Sawyer RG (2013) Use of silver in the prevention and treatment of infections: silver review. Surg Infect 14:8–20. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2011.097
Pungle R, Nile SH, Makwana N, Singh R, Singh RP, Kharat AS (2022) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the Tridax procumbens plant extract and screening of its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9671594
Qais FA, Shafiq A, Khan HM, Husain FM, Khan RA, Alenazi B, Alsalme A, Ahmad I (2019) Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Murraya koenigii (L.) against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Bioinorg Chem Appl. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4649506
Qi L-X, Wang X-T, Huang J-P, Yue T-Y, Lu Y-S, San D-M, Xu Y-X, Han Y-T, Guo X-Y, Xie W-D, Zhou Y-X (2024) Silver nanoparticles encapped by dihydromyricetin: optimization of green synthesis, characterization, toxicity, and anti-MRSA infection activities for zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 25:5255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105255
Ravichandran V, Vasanthi S, Shalini S, Ali Shah SA, Harish R (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Atrocarpus altilis leaf extract and the study of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Mater Lett 180:264–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.172
Richardson R, Slanchev K, Kraus C, Knyphausen P, Eming S, Hammerschmidt M (2013) Adult zebrafish as a model system for cutaneous wound-healing research. J Invest Dermatol 133:1655–1665. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.16
Sairaman S, Nivedhitha MS, Shrivastava D, Al Onazi MA, Algarni HA, Mustafa M, Alqahtani AR, AlQahtani N, Teja KV, Janani K, Eswaramoorthy R, Sudhakar MP, Alam MK, Srivastava KC (2022) Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 22:377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6
Schröfel A, Kratošová G, Šafařík I, Šafaříková M, Raška I, Shor LM (2014) Applications of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles – a review. Acta Biomater 10:4023–4042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.022
Sen CK (2021) Human wound and its burden: updated 2020 compendium of estimates. Adv Wound Care 10:281–292. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2021.0026
Seo SB, Dananjaya SHS, Nikapitiya C, Park BK, Gooneratne R, Kim TY, Lee J, Kim CH, De Zoysa M (2017) Silver nanoparticles enhance wound healing in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish Shellfish Immunol 68:536–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.057
Soni J, Revathi D, Dhanraj G, Ramasubburayan R (2024) Bioinspired green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by marine-derived Streptomyces plicatus and its multifaceted biomedicinal properties. Microb Pathog 193:106758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106758
Sumithra D, Bharathi S, Kaviyarasan P, Suresh G (2023) Biofabrication of selenium nanoparticles using marine Streptomyces sp. and assessment of its antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and in vivo cytotoxic potential. Geomicrobiol J 40:485–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2023.2196280
Suresh G, Gunasekar PH, Kokila D, Prabhu D, Dinesh D, Ravichandran N, Ramesh B, Koodalingam A, Vijaiyan Siva G (2014) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Delphinium denudatum root extract exhibits antibacterial and mosquito larvicidal activities. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 127:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.030
Tripathy A, Raichur AM, Chandrasekaran N, Prathna TC, Mukherjee A (2010) Process variables in biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves. J Nanopart Res 12:237–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9602-5
Verma A, Mehata MS (2016) Controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Neem leaves and their antimicrobial activity. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 9:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.11.001
Wang L, Wu Y, Xie J, Wu S, Wu Z (2018) Characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Psidium guajava L. leaf aqueous extracts. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 86:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.003
Wibowo A, Tajalla GUN, Marsudi MA, Cooper G, Asri LATW, Liu F, Ardy H, Bartolo PJDS (2021) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Cilembu sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L var. Rancing) as potential filler for 3D printed electroactive and anti-infection scaffolds. Molecules 26:2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072042
Zain MSC, Edirisinghe SL, Kim CH, De Zoysa M, Shaari K (2021) Nanoemulsion of flavonoid-enriched oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaf extract enhances wound healing in zebrafish. Phytomed plus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100124
Author Information
Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, India