Bodhipadma Kitti, Noichinda Sompoch, Sartfang Prangtip, Intarathaiwong Wipawee, Leung David W. M.
Keywords:
Brassin-like substances, Plant growth regulators, In vitro pollen germination, Pollen viability, Starch
Pollen of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) could germinate in vitro with emergence of 1, 2 and 3 tubes from individual pollen grain on germination medium (modified after Mercado et al. Sci Hortic 57:273–281, 1994). The highest percentage of pollen germination was observed on medium supplemented with 20% sucrose while addition of osmotica such as polyethylene glycol or mannitol did not have positive effect on butterfly pea pollen germination. Starch utilization, through conversion to simpler sugars including sucrose, may be the cause for pollen tube elongation. The optimum pH for maximum germination (42%) was recorded to be 5.7. Addition of various plant growth regulators including brassin-like substance and GA3 singly into medium supplemented with 20% sucrose at pH 5.7 did not result in germination percentage higher than that on the medium supplemented with only 20% sucrose. The germination percentage was increased to 71% and the pollen tube length was the greatest when butterfly pea pollen was cultured on medium supplemented with 20% sucrose, 0.25 mg L− 1 brassin-like substance and 1 mg L− 1 GA3 at pH 5.7. This suggests that brassin-like substance and GA3 may play an important synergistic role on pollen germination of butterfly pea in vitro.
(*Only SPR Members can download pdf file; #Open Access;)
Acar I, Arpaci S, Eti S (2010) Pollen susceptibility of Pistacia species to different pH medium. Afr J Agric Res 5:1830–1836
Baker HG, Baker I (1979) Starch in angiosperm pollen grains and its evolutionary significance. Am J Bot 66:591–600
Boavida LC, Vieira AM, Becker JD, Feijo´ JA (2005) Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote. Int J Dev Biol 49:615–632
Caliskan B, Colgecen H, Pehlivan S (2009) Pollen characteristics and in vitro pollen germination of Cedrus libani A. Rich. Afr J Biotechnol 8:5696–5701
Carmichael JW (1970) The effect of gibberellic acid on in vitro pollen germination in Digitaria pentzii Stent. Proc Soil Crop Sci Soc Fla 30:255–258
Cheung AY, Boavida LC, Aggarwal M, Wu H-M, Feijo´ JA (2010) The pollen tube journey in the pistil and imaging the in vivo process by two-photon microscopy. J Exp Bot 61:1907–1915
De Souza MM, Pereira TNS, Viana AP, Pereira MG, Bernacci LC, Sudré CP, Da Cruz Silva L (2003) Meiotic irregularities and pollen viability in Passiflora edmundoi Sacco (Passifloraceae). Caryologia 56:161–169
Ge Y, Fu C, Bhandari H, Bouton J, Brummer EC, Wang Z-Y (2011) Pollen viability and longevity in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Crop Sci 51:2698–2705
Gomez SM, Kalamani A (2003) Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea): a nutritive multipurpose forage legume for the tropics—an overview. Pak J Nutr 2:374–379
Joson MT, Ramirez DA (1991) Cytology of Clitoria ternatea L. Philipp Agric 74:121–132
Karad SR, Jagtap AS, Kubade AU, Khade PD (2009) A study of pollen viability and longevity in Gokarn (Clitoria ternatea) a medicinal plant. Int J Plant Sci 4:420–421
Karapanos IC, Fasseas C, Olympios CM, Passam HC (2006) Factors affecting the efficacy of agar-based substrates for the study of tomato pollen germination. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 81:631–638
Lang GA, Parrie EJ (1992) Pollen viability and vigor in hybrid southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. ×spp.). HortSci 27:425–427
Leduc N, Monnier M, Douglas GC (1990) Germination of trinucleated pollen: formulation of a new medium for Capsella bursa-pastoris. Sex Plant Reprod 3:228–235
Mercado JA, Fernfindez-Mufioz R, Quesada MA (1994) In vitro germination of pepper pollen in liquid medium. Sci Hortic 57:273–281
Munzuroglu O, Obek E, Geckil H (2003) Effects of simulated acid rain on the pollen germination and pollen tube growth of apple (Malus sylvestris Miller cv. Golden). Acta Biol Hung 54:95–103
Oliver SN, van Dongen JT, Alfred SC, Mamun EA, Zhao X, Saini HS, Fernandes SF, Blanchard CL, Sutton BG, Geigenberger P, Dennis ES, Dolferus R (2005) Cold-induced repression of the rice anther-specific cell wall invertase gene OSINV4 is correlated with sucrose accumulation and pollen sterility. Plant Cell Environ 28:1534–1551
Pacini E (1996) Types and meaning of pollen carbohydrate reserves. Sex Plant Reprod 9:362–366
Palanivelu R, Brass L, Edlund AF, Preuss D (2003) Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels. Cell 114:47–59
Praphutphitthaya P, Tiyayon C, Chetiyanukornkul T, Pankasemsuk T (2016a) Effect of brassin-like substance on the quality of early germinated arabica coffee bean (Coffea arabica L.). Pak J Biotechnol 13:165–172
Praphutphitthaya P, Tiyayon C, Chetiyanukornkul T, Pankasemsuk T (2016b) Some biochemical changes of early germinated Arabica coffee seeds (Coffea arabica L.) after treated by brassin-like substance. Khon Kaen Agric J 44:693–702
Rattanatippayaporn U, Pankasemsuk T (2012) Effects of brassin-like substance on fruit quality of longan cv. Daw. J Agric Res Ext 29:8–14
Rong D, Luo N, Mollet JC, Liu X, Yang Z (2016) Salicylic acid regulates pollen tip growth through an NPR3/NPR4-independent pathway. Mol Plant 9:1478–1491
Saini S, Sharma I, Pati PK (2015) Versatile roles of brassinosteroid in plants in the context of its homoeostasis, signaling and crosstalks. Front Plant Sci 6:950
Shivanna KR, Sawhney VK (1995) Polyethylene glycol improves the in vitro growth of Brassica pollen tube without loss in germination. J Exp Bot 46:1771–1774
Somana D, Pankasemsuk T (2010) Effects of brassin-like substance on some physical and biochemical changes of mango fruit cv. Mahajanaka. J Agric Res Ext 27:9–18
Stone LM, Seaton KA, Kuo J, McComb JA (2004) Fast pollen tube growth in Conospermum species. Ann Bot 93:369–378
Tandon R, Manohara TN, Nijalingappa BHM, Shivanna KR (1999) Polyethyleneglycol enhances in vitro germination and tube growth of oil palm pollen. Indian J Exp Biol 37:169–172
Thagoolsawat S, Pankasemsuk T (2018) Effects of brassin-like substance on yield and quality of sweet corn. J Agric 34:21–28
Tidke JA, Patil GV (2000) Reproductive ecology of flower colour morphs of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Int J Trop Agric 18(3):211–218
Vasil IK (1964) Studies on pollen germination of certain Solanaceae. Bull Torrey Bot 91:370–377
Vogler F, Schmalzl C, Englhart M, Bircheneder M, Sprunck S (2014) Brassinosteroids promote Arabidopsis pollen germination and growth. Plant Reprod 27:153–167
Wang ZY, Ge Y, Scott M, Spangenberg G (2004) Viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (Poaceae) plants. Am J Bot 91:523–530
Wu J, Qin Y, Zhao J (2008) Pollen tube growth is affected by exogenous hormones and correlated with hormone changes in styles in Torenia fournieri L. Plant Growth Regul 55:137–148
Yang J-S, Endo M (2005) In vitro germination and viability of Dendranthema pollen. Asian J Plant Sci 4:673–677
Yeotkar SD, Malode SN, Waghmare VN, Thakre P (2011) Genetic relationship and diversity analysis of Clitoria ternatea variants and Clitoria biflora using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Afr J Biotechnol 10:18065–18070
Zaman MR (2009) Effect of pH on in vitro pollen germination of fourteen cultivated and wild species of cucurbit. J Bio-Sci 17:129–133