Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Biochemical and physiological responses of contrasting soybean genotypes to individual (Na+, Cl‾) and additive (NaCl) salts
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Research Articles | Published: 26 May, 2025
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Keywords: Soybean, Sodium, Chloride, Salt stress, Biochemical responses
Abstract
Increasing soil salinity poses a detrimental impact on agriculture. Elevated sodium and chloride levels in the soil adversely affects crop plants, with sodium being a primary contributor. Recent research has also identified chloride as significant causative factor. To investigate the effects of sodium and chloride on soybean growth, in our study, we applied salt treatments on two distinct genotypes (MAUS-47 and Gujosoya-2), revealing genotype specific variations in growth reduction. The individual and combined salt treatments affected soybean growth differently, with individual sodium (Na+) alone having the most detrimental effect, followed by sodium chloride (NaCl). Each genotype exhibited distinct mechanisms to combat the individual and combined salt stress, leading to notable reductions in physiological, photosynthetic, and biochemical growth parameters. In MAUS-47, shoot and root showed a 49% and 51% increase in Cl‾ content, respectively, while Gujosoya-2 showed a 69% increase in shoot Cl‾ content and a 68% increase in root Cl‾ content, compared to their non-saline counterparts. There were significant reductions in Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoid content in Gujosoya-2 under Na-dominant salt, followed by NaCl and Cl-dominant treatments. The differential impacts of salt on gas exchange parameters were also evident in MAUS-47 and Gujosoya-2. The Gujosoya-2 genotype showed inability to recover plant growth due to inefficient photosynthetic pigment accumulation, gas exchange, antioxidant defense, osmolyte accumulation, and ion regulation. In contrast, the MAUS-47 genotype demonstrated better resilience through the expression of genotype-specific traits that supported plant growth under salinity stress. The study highlights the importance of considering role of Cl- in soybean cultivation and demonstrates the economic disadvantages of neglecting its effects. The observed differences in genotype responses to varying salt conditions underscore the significance of breeding for salinity tolerance. This study provides insights for breeders to improve salt-specific resilience in soybean.
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Author Information
Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India