Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
(eISSN: 2229-4473)
Leaf, flower and fruit phenology and its relations to temperature differences among parks and avenues in a tropical metropolis
*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Borges Tiago Rodriges, Massi Klécia Gili, Nascimento Nathalia
Research Articles | Published: 22 June, 2026
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
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Keywords: Urban ecology, Phenology, Environmental change, Urban parks, Urban areas
Abstract
Urbanization is a driving force for environmental change and for natural processes, such as plant phenology. Higher temperatures in urban environments could be related to these changes. São Paulo is one the biggest metropolises in the world and constitutes a good case study where phenological differences on trees located on avenues and parks can be tested and related to temperature. We surveyed eight tree native species of tropical forests used in urban afforestation in São Paulo city, southeast Brazil, and its vegetative and reproductive phenological patterns, comparing species located in two environments, four urban parks and three avenues, aiming to verify differences in leaf, flower and fruit timing and production. In general, all phenophases in the two environments and in the two studied years were seasonal. Most species had the same phenological patterns among parks and avenues, but some species-specific responses were identified. Fruiting and Cenostigma pluviosum were the phenophase and species that had more differences among parks and avenues. Leaf production, Fabaceae species and avenues were, respectively, the phenophase, species and environment more affected by temperature.
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Author Information
Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil